The Importance of Gender and Gender Nonconformity for Same-Sex-Attracted Dutch Youth's Perceived Experiences of Victimization Across Social Contexts

For over fifty years the concept of the “internal couple”, as a composite internal object co-constructed in intimate relationships, has been fundamental to a psycho-analytic understanding of couple relationships and their contribution to family dynamics. Considerable societal change, however, necessitates review of how effectively and ethically the concept meets practitioners’ and couples’ current needs. Does the concept of an internal couple help psychotherapists to describe and consider all contemporary adult couples, whether same-sex or heterosexual, monogamous, or polyamorous? How does it accommodate online dating, relating via avatars, and use of pornography? Is it sufficiently inclusive of those experimenting in terms of sexual and gender identity, or in partnerships that challenge family arrangement norms? Can it usefully support thinking about families in which parents choose to parent alone, or are absent at their children’s conception thanks to surrogacy, adoption, and IVF? These and other questions prompt re-examination of this central concept’s nature and value.

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The Interplay of Developing Morality and Gender Attitudes

The Oxford Handbook of Moral Development ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190676049.013.42 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 724-745

Author(s):

Rebecca S. Bigler ◽

Lynn S. Liben

Keyword(s):

Psychological Theory ◽

The United States ◽

Gender Nonconformity ◽

Gender Attitudes ◽

Future Research ◽

Policy And Practice ◽

Ethical Policy ◽

History Of ◽

And Gender ◽

And Behavior

Morality and gender are intersecting realms of human thought and behavior. Reasoning and action at their intersection (e.g., views of women’s rights legislation) carry important consequences for societies, communities, and individual lives. In this chapter, the authors argue that children’s developing views of morality and gender reciprocally shape one another in important and underexplored ways. The chapter begins with a brief history of psychological theory and research at the intersection of morality and gender and suggests reasons for the historical failure to view gender attitudes through moral lenses. The authors then describe reasons for expecting morality to play an important role in shaping children’s developing gender attitudes and, reciprocally, for gender attitudes to play an important role in shaping children’s developing moral values. The authors next illustrate the importance and relevance of these ideas by discussing two topics at the center of contentious debate in the United States concerning ethical policy and practice: treatment of gender nonconformity and gender-segregated schooling. The chapter concludes with suggestions for future research.

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Differences in digit ratios between gay men who prefer receptive versus insertive sex roles indicate a role for prenatal androgen

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-87338-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ashlyn Swift-Gallant ◽

Victor Di Rita ◽

Christina A. Major ◽

Christopher J. Breedlove ◽

Cynthia L. Jordan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gay Men ◽

Sex Role ◽

Gender Nonconformity ◽

Critical Periods ◽

Same Sex ◽

Digit Ratios ◽

Right Hand ◽

Prenatal Androgens ◽

The Right ◽

Prenatal Androgen

AbstractAmong non-human mammals, exposure to androgens during critical periods of development leads to gynephilia (attraction to females), whereas the absence or low levels of prenatal androgens leads to androphilia (attraction to males). However, in humans, retrospective markers of prenatal androgens have only been associated with gynephilia among women, but not with androphilia among men. Here, we asked whether an indirect indication of prenatal androgen exposure, 2D:4D, differs between subsets of gay men delineated by anal sex role (ASR). ASR was used as a proxy for subgroups because ASR groups tend to differ in other measures affected by brain sexual differentiation, such as gender conformity. First, we replicated the finding that gay men with a receptive ASR preference (bottoms) report greater gender nonconformity (GNC) compared to gay men with an insertive ASR preference (tops). We then found that Tops have a lower (male-typical) average right-hand digit ratio than Bottoms, and that among all gay men the right-hand 2D:4D correlated with GNC, indicating that a higher (female-typical) 2D:4D is associated with increased GNC. Differences were found between non-exclusive and exclusive same-sex attraction and GNC, and ASR group differences on digit ratios do not reach significance when all non-heterosexual men are included in the analyses, suggesting greater heterogeneity in the development of non-exclusive same-sex sexual orientations. Overall, results support a role for prenatal androgens, as approximated by digit ratios, in influencing the sexual orientation and GNC of a subset of gay men.

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State Obligations in Relation to Gender Identity and Rights of Same-Sex Couples

International Law Reports ◽

10.1017/ilr.2020.71 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 194 ◽

pp. 277-462

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Gender Identity ◽

Family Life ◽

Same Sex ◽

Content Type ◽

Name Change ◽

Same Sex Couples ◽

State Obligations ◽

Administrative Procedures ◽

And Gender

277Human rights — Gender identity — Rights of same-sex couples — State obligations concerning recognition of gender identity and rights of same-sex couples — American Convention on Human Rights, 1969 — Right to equality and non-discrimination of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) persons — Article 1(1) of American Convention on Human Rights, 1969 — Whether sexual orientation and gender identity protected categories under Article 1(1) — Right to gender identity — Right to a name — Whether States under obligation to facilitate name change based on gender identity — Whether failure to establish administrative procedures for name change violating American Convention on Human Rights, 1969 — Whether name change procedure under Article 54 of Civil Code of Costa Rica complying with American Convention on Human Rights, 1969 — Right to equality and non-discrimination — Right to protection of private and family life — Right to family — Whether States obliged to recognize patrimonial rights arising from a same-sex relationship — Whether States required to establish legal institution to regulate same-sex relationshipsInternational tribunals — Jurisdiction — Inter-American Court of Human Rights — Advisory jurisdiction — Whether advisory jurisdiction restricted by related petitions before Inter-American Commission on Human Rights — Admissibility — Whether request meeting formal and substantive requirements — Whether Court having jurisdiction

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Chromosomes to Social Contexts: Sex and Gender Differences in PTSD

Current Psychiatry Reports ◽

10.1007/s11920-018-0981-0 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (12) ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Rachel Kimerling ◽

Monica C. Allen ◽

Laramie E. Duncan

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Social Contexts ◽

Sex And Gender ◽

And Gender ◽

Sex And Gender Differences

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Negotiating American Indian Inclusion: Sovereignty, Same-Sex Marriage, and Sexual Minorities in Indian Country

American Indian Culture and Research Journal ◽

10.17953/aicrj.41.2.lambert ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 1-21

Author(s):

Valerie Lambert

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

American Indian ◽

American Indians ◽

The United States ◽

Same Sex ◽

Same Sex Marriage ◽

Domestic Relations ◽

Indian Country ◽

Marriage Laws ◽

And Gender

American Indians are often overlooked in the story of the struggle for marriage equality in the United States. Using anthropological approaches, this article synthesizes and extends scholarly knowledge about Native participation in this struggle. With sovereign rights to control their own domestic relations, tribes have been actively revising their marriage laws, laws that reflect the range of reservation climates for sexual and gender-identity minorities. Debates in Indian Country over the rights of these minorities and over queering marriage bring to the fore issues that help define the distinctiveness of Native participation in the movement. These include issues of “tradition,” “culture,” and Christianity.

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THE POLITICS OF RECOGNIZABILITY: GIVING AN ACCOUNT OF IRANIANGAYMEN’S LIVES UNDER REPRESSIVE CONDITIONS OF SEXUALITY GOVERNANCE

International Journal of Middle East Studies ◽

10.1017/s002074381800048x ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 21-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Wayne Martino ◽

Jón Ingvar Kjaran

Keyword(s):

Gay Men ◽

Lived Experiences ◽

Male Subject ◽

Relevant Literature ◽

Sexual And Gender Minorities ◽

Islamic Republic ◽

Same Sex ◽

Politics Of Recognition ◽

Gender Minorities ◽

And Gender

AbstractIn this article we examine accounts of self-identifying Iranian gay men. We draw on a range of evidentiary sources—interpretive, historical, online, and empirical—to generate critical and nuanced insights into the politics of recognition and representation that inform narrative accounts of the lived experiences of self-identifiedgayIranian men, and the constitution of same-sex desire for these men under specific conditions of Iranian modernity. In response to critiques of existinggayinternationalist and liberationist accounts of the Iraniangaymale subject as a persecuted victim of the Islamic Republic of Iran's barbarism, we address interpretive questions of sexuality governance in transnational contexts. Specifically, we attend to human rights frameworks in weighing social justice and political claims made by and on behalf of sexual and gender minorities in such Global South contexts. In this sense, our article represents a critical engagement with the relevant literature on sexuality governance and the politics of same-sex desire for Iraniangaymen that is informed by empirical analysis.

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