Influence of owner impression and contract framing: could it be used to manipulate construction contractors’ perception of risk?

ABSTRACT This study examines the effects of incentive contract framing on misreporting and entitlement. I conduct a 2 × 2 between-subjects experiment, manipulating incentive contract framing (Bonus/Penalty) and the awareness of the opportunity to misreport (Before Effort/After Effort). I predict and find that (1) penalty contracts cause a higher rate and degree of misreporting, and (2) this greater misreporting occurs due to a greater sense of entitlement to the incentive funds. Collectively, this study's theory and results indicate that while penalty contracts can sometimes increase effort relative to bonus contracts, they also encourage greater dishonesty in reporting when that effort is not successful. Data Availability: Contact the author.

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Hermeneutical Injustice, Contract Law, and Global Value Chains

European Review of Contract Law ◽

10.1515/ercl-2020-0008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 139-159

Author(s):

Lyn K.L. Tjon Soei Len

Keyword(s):

Social Power ◽

Global Value Chains ◽

Contract Law ◽

Value Chains ◽

Party Autonomy ◽

Normative Constraint ◽

Contract Framing ◽

Exchange Relations

AbstractGlobal value chains (GVCs) resist dominant contract framing, because presumptions about contract’s bilateral structure and party autonomy fail to capture the complex interconnections between private exchange relations. Contract law seems to obscure, rather than capture, the ways in which the relationships and experiences of various actors in GVCs are linked. This article argues that, in doing so, contract law contributes to systemic hermeneutical injustice. Systemic hermeneutical injustice captures how shared interpretative resources can render those in disadvantaged positions of social power unable to make intelligible that what is in their interest to render intelligible. The article’s primary aim is to show how this form of injustice bears on contract law and how it can function as an independent normative constraint on the institution of contract law.

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Impact of ambient sound on risk perception in humans: neuroeconomic investigations

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-84359-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Elise Payzan-LeNestour ◽

Lionnel Pradier ◽

James Doran ◽

Gideon Nave ◽

Bernard Balleine

Keyword(s):

Risk Perception ◽

Multisensory Perception ◽

Future Research ◽

Perception Of Risk ◽

Asset Risk ◽

Financial Trading ◽

Ambient Sound ◽

General Relevance ◽

Wide Range ◽

Professional Traders

AbstractResearch in the field of multisensory perception shows that what we hear can influence what we see in a wide range of perceptual tasks. It is however unknown whether this extends to the visual perception of risk, despite the importance of the question in many applied domains where properly assessing risk is crucial, starting with financial trading. To fill this knowledge gap, we ran interviews with professional traders and conducted three laboratory studies using judgments of financial asset risk as a testbed. We provide evidence that the presence of ambient sound impacts risk perception, possibly due to the combination of facilitatory and synesthetic effects of general relevance to the perception of risk in many species as well as humans. We discuss the implications of our findings for various applied domains (e.g., financial, medical, and military decision-making), and raise new questions for future research.

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Risk of Future Maltreatment: Examining Whether Worker Characteristics Predict Their Perception

Child Maltreatment ◽

10.1177/10775595211031460 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 107755952110314

Author(s):

Kristen Lwin ◽

Joanne Filippelli ◽

Barbara Fallon ◽

Jason King ◽

Nico Trocmé

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Child Welfare ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Well Being ◽

Child Welfare System ◽

Welfare System ◽

Child Welfare Workers ◽

Perception Of Risk ◽

Worker Characteristics ◽

Welfare Workers

Child welfare workers aim to promote the well-being and safety of children and are the link between the child welfare system and families. Families served by the child welfare system should expect similar service based on clinical factors, not based on their caseworker’s characteristics. Using secondary data analyses of the most recent Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect (CIS-2008) and multilevel modeling, this study examines whether child welfare worker characteristics, such as education level and field, age, and experience predict their perception of the risk of future maltreatment. A total of 1729 case-level investigations and 419 child welfare workers were included in this study. Several one-level logistic regression and two-level logistic regression analyses were run. The best-fit model suggests that caseworkers with a Master’s degree, more than 2 years of experience, and more than 18 cases were significantly more likely to perceive risk of future maltreatment. Further, the interaction between degree level and age also significantly predicted the perception of risk of future maltreatment. Results suggest that the perception of risk of future maltreatment may be influenced by caseworker factors, thus service to families may differ based on caseworker characteristics.

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