factorial analysis
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2022 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Nor Atikah Husna Ahmad Nasir ◽  
Nurul Syafiqah Mohd Yaminudin ◽  
Atikah Kamaludin ◽  
Sharir Aizat Kamaruddin ◽  
Siti Nurbalqis Aziman

For ages, pure sugars or edible crops have produced lactic acid. However, a major concern on lactic acid production lies in the cost of the raw materials used. Thus, an alternative to overcome this situation is urgently needed. Characterization of banana peels shows that it contains promising sugar that can be utilized for lactic acid production, which are xylose (0.774 g/L), glucose (0.756 g/L) and fructose (0.532 g/L). Thus, this study aims to screen the potential of banana peel as a substrate by using Rhizopus oryzae through batch fermentation for lactic acid production, as R. oryzae can synthesize lactic acid in low nutrient requirements. Two-level factorial analysis was designed to screen the effects of moisture content (60% and 80%), temperature (27 °C and 40 °C), pH (4.5 and 6.5) and inoculum size (1x104 spores/mL and 1x108 spores/g) on the lactic acid production. Based on the Two-level factorial (2LF) analysis, the highest lactic acid production of 0.0813 g/L was detected at 80 % moisture content, pH 4.5, the temperature of 27 °C and inoculum size of 1x104 spores/g. The findings show that most of the conditions have a significant difference between each other (p<0.05). Therefore, the fermentation of banana peels by R. oryzae could be a promising method to produce a lactic acid concentration.


Author(s):  
Alia Aqilah Ghazali ◽  
Sunarti Abd Rahman ◽  
Rozaimi Abu Samah

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Khongorzul Dashdondov ◽  
Mi-Hwa Song

Natural gas (NG), typically methane, is released into the air, causing significant air pollution and environmental and health problems. Nowadays, there is a need to use machine-based methods to predict gas losses widely. In this article, we proposed to predict NG leakage levels through feature selection based on a factorial analysis (FA) of the USA’s urban natural gas open data. The paper has been divided into three sections. First, we select essential features using FA. Then, the dataset is labeled by k-means clustering with OrdinalEncoder (OE)-based normalization. The final module uses five algorithms (extreme gradient boost (XGBoost), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), Naive Bayes (NB), and multilayer perceptron (MLP)) to predict gas leakage levels. The proposed method is evaluated by the accuracy, F1-score, mean standard error (MSE), and area under the ROC curve (AUC). The test results indicate that the F-OE-based classification method has improved successfully. Moreover, F-OE-based XGBoost (F-OE-XGBoost) showed the best performance by giving 95.14% accuracy, an F1-score of 95.75%, an MSE of 0.028, and an AUC of 96.29%. Following these, the second-best outcomes of an accuracy rate of 95.09%, F1-score of 95.60%, MSE of 0.029, and AUC of 96.11% were achieved by the F-OE-RF model.


2021 ◽  
pp. 441-478
Author(s):  
James A. Middleton

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongmiao Wang ◽  
Siwei Liu ◽  
Zhi An ◽  
Nan Wei ◽  
Changyu Deng ◽  
...  

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2888
Author(s):  
Jan Berend Lingens ◽  
Amr Abd El-Wahab ◽  
Marwa Fawzy Elmetwaly Ahmed ◽  
Dana Carina Schubert ◽  
Christian Sürie ◽  
...  

This study aimed to investigate the possibility of rearing newly hatched chicks with immediate access to feed and water in the same hatching unit one week prior to transferring them to the conventional broiler house with special regards to foot pad health and growth performance. Two trials were performed with a total of 6900/6850 (trials 1/2) broiler chickens (ROSS 308). A total of 3318/3391 chicks (trials 1/2) were transported from the hatchery (duration of about 3 h) and reared in a conventional broiler house (control group: delayed nutrition on-hatchery hatched). The control group did not receive any form of nutrition until they were taken to conventional broiler housing. Additionally, a total of 3582/3459 (trials 1/2) embryonated eggs (d 18) were obtained from the same parent flock of the same commercial hatchery and taken to the farm facility. After on-farm hatch, the chicks had immediate access to water and feed (experimental group: early nutrition on-farm hatched). After d 6/7 of life, the on-farm hatched chicks (trials 1/2) were transferred to the broiler house on the same facility. The delayed nutrition on-hatchery hatched groups displayed a significantly lower dry matter content in the litter compared to the early nutrition on-farm hatched groups (two-factorial analysis) at d 6/7 and d 14 of life. However, thereafter, no significant differences were noted. Based upon two-factorial analysis, the early nutrition on-farm hatched groups revealed lower foot pad lesions from d 14 of life onwards and showed a higher body weight (BW) throughout the rearing period compared to the delayed nutrition on-hatchery hatched groups (p < 0.05). Overall, early nutrition on-farm hatched chickens is of critical importance together with using new litter at d 7 to maintain healthy foot pads as well as to enhance nutrient utilization and optimize the growth performance.


PEDIATRICS ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. e2021049926
Author(s):  
Snezana Nena Osorio ◽  
Sandra Gage ◽  
Leah Mallory ◽  
Paula Soung ◽  
Alexandra Satty ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1907
Author(s):  
Hanane Ramzaoui ◽  
Sarah Poulet ◽  
André Didierjean ◽  
Fabien Mathy

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