Women's Representation in the Scottish Parliament and National Assembly for Wales: Party Dynamics for Achieving Critical Mass

AbstractPolitical alternate positions (otherwise known as substitutes) can have important effects on women's abilities to enter politics. Using the case of Nicaragua, this study assesses whether these alternate positions are being used to increase women's political representation or as a tool to undermine women's advancement into positions of power. By examining patterns of women's representation as candidates in the 1996, 2001, and 2006 elections for the National Assembly and as elected officeholders (as both alternates for those assembly members and titleholders), the article analyzes how various political parties are utilizing these alternate positions. Contrary to the conventional wisdom, this study finds no evidence that these alternate positions are used to undermine women's political progress.

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Point break: using machine learning to uncover a critical mass in women's representation

Political Science Research and Methods ◽

10.1017/psrm.2021.51 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-19

Author(s):

Kendall D. Funk ◽

Hannah L. Paul ◽

Andrew Q. Philips

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Government Spending ◽

Critical Mass ◽

Parametric Models ◽

Future Research ◽

Critical Limit ◽

Women's Representation ◽

Women’S Representation ◽

The Relationship ◽

Mass Interval

Abstract Decades of research has debated whether women first need to reach a “critical mass” in the legislature before they can effectively influence legislative outcomes. This study contributes to the debate using supervised tree-based machine learning to study the relationship between increasing variation in women's legislative representation and the allocation of government expenditures in three policy areas: education, healthcare, and defense. We find that women's representation predicts spending in all three areas. We also find evidence of critical mass effects as the relationships between women's representation and government spending are nonlinear. However, beyond critical mass, our research points to a potential critical mass interval or critical limit point in women's representation. We offer guidance on how these results can inform future research using standard parametric models.

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Women’s Representation and Political Party’s Nomination : An Analysis of the 2016 National Assembly Election in South Korea

Korean Political Science Review ◽

10.18854/kpsr.2017.51.2.004 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 69-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

권수현 ◽

Ah-Ran Hwang

Keyword(s):

South Korea ◽

Women's Representation ◽

National Assembly ◽

Women’S Representation

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Women's Representation Among the Academic Psychology Workforce Continues to Increase

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e506552020-001 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Women's Representation ◽

Women’S Representation ◽

Academic Psychology ◽

Psychology Workforce

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Does women's representation in elected office lead to women-friendly policy?

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e572412011-001 ◽

2002 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Amy Caiazza

Keyword(s):

Women's Representation ◽

Women’S Representation ◽

Elected Office

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An Introduction to Gender and Representation in Latin America

10.1093/oso/9780190851224.003.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Leslie A. Schwindt-Bayer

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Latin American ◽

Gender Inequality ◽

Political Representation ◽

Latin American Politics ◽

Gender And Politics ◽

Women's Representation ◽

Political Crises ◽

Women’S Representation ◽

And Gender

In this introductory chapter of Gender and Representation in Latin America, Leslie A. Schwindt-Bayer argues that gender inequality in political representation in Latin America is rooted in institutions and the democratic challenges and political crises facing Latin American countries. She situates the book in two important literatures—one on Latin American politics and democratic institutions, the other on gender and politics—and then explains how the book will explore the ways that institutions and democratic challenges and political crises moderate women’s representation and gender inequality. She introduces the book’s framework of analyzing the causes and consequences of women’s representation, overviews the organization of the volume, and summarizes the main arguments of the chapters.

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