scholarly journals Neocentromere-mediated Chromosome Movement in Maize

1997 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
pp. 831-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Guo Yu ◽  
Evelyn N. Hiatt ◽  
Annette Chan ◽  
Mary Sweeney ◽  
R. Kelly Dawe
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Movement ◽  
Microtubule Depolymerization ◽  
Chromosome 10 ◽  
Chromosome Congression ◽  
Or Genes

Neocentromere activity is a classic example of nonkinetochore chromosome movement. In maize, neocentromeres are induced by a gene or genes on Abnormal chromosome 10 (Ab10) which causes heterochromatic knobs to move poleward at meiotic anaphase. Here we describe experiments that test how neocentromere activity affects the function of linked centromere/kinetochores (kinetochores) and whether neocentromeres and kinetochores are mobilized on the spindle by the same mechanism. Using a newly developed system for observing meiotic chromosome congression and segregation in living maize cells, we show that neocentromeres are active from prometaphase through anaphase. During mid-anaphase, normal chromosomes move on the spindle at an average rate of 0.79 μm/min. The presence of Ab10 does not affect the rate of normal chromosome movement but propels neocentromeres poleward at rates as high as 1.4 μm/min. Kinetochore-mediated chromosome movement is only marginally affected by the activity of a linked neocentromere. Combined in situ hybridization/immunocytochemistry is used to demonstrate that unlike kinetochores, neocentromeres associate laterally with microtubules and that neocentromere movement is correlated with knob size. These data suggest that microtubule depolymerization is not required for neocentromere motility. We argue that neocentromeres are mobilized on microtubules by the activity of minus end–directed motor proteins that interact either directly or indirectly with knob DNA sequences.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization mapping of Avena sativa L. cv. SunII and its monosomic lines using cloned repetitive DNA sequences

Genome ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1230-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
M L Irigoyen ◽  
C Linares ◽  
E Ferrer ◽  
A Fominaya
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Fish Mapping ◽  
Intergenomic Translocations ◽  
A Genome ◽  
C Genome

Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) employing multiple probes was used with mitotic or meiotic chromosome spreads of Avena sativa L. cv. SunII and its monosomic lines to produce physical chromosome maps. The probes used were Avena strigosa pAs120a (which hybridizes exclusively to A-genome chromosomes), Avena murphyi pAm1 (which hybridizes exclusively to C-genome chromosomes), A. strigosa pAs121 (which hybridizes exclusively to A- and D-genome chromosomes), and the wheat rDNA probes pTa71 and pTa794. Simultaneous and sequential FISH employing two-by-two combinations of these probes allowed the unequivocal identification and genome assignation of all chromosomes. Ten pairs were found carrying intergenomic translocations: (i) between the A and C genomes (chromosome pair 5A); (ii) between the C and D genomes (pairs 1C, 2C, 4C, 10C, and 16C); and (iii) between the D and C genomes (pairs 9D, 11D, 13D, and 14D). The existence of a reciprocal intergenomic translocation (10C–14D) is also proposed. Comparing these results with those of other hexaploids, three intergenomic translocations (10C, 9D, and 14D) were found to be unique to A. sativa cv. SunII, supporting the view that 'SunII' is genetically distinct from other hexaploid Avena species and from cultivars of the A. sativa species. FISH mapping using meiotic and mitotic metaphases facilitated the genomic and chromosomal identification of the aneuploid chromosome in each monosomic line. Of the 18 analyzed, only 11 distinct monosomic lines were actually found, corresponding to 5 lines of the A genome, 2 lines of the C genome, and 4 lines of the D genome. The presence or absence of the 10C–14D interchange was also monitored in these lines.Key words: Avena sativa, monosomics, FISH mapping, genomic identification, intergenomic translocations.

DNA sequence mapping in interphase and metaphase chromosomes by fluorescence in situ hybridization

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 496-497
Author(s):  
Barbara Trask ◽  
Susan Allen ◽  
Anne Bergmann ◽  
Mari Christensen ◽  
Anne Fertitta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Nick Translation ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Band Pass ◽  
Texas Red ◽  
Fluorescent Spot

Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), the positions of DNA sequences can be discretely marked with a fluorescent spot. The efficiency of marking DNA sequences of the size cloned in cosmids is 90-95%, and the fluorescent spots produced after FISH are ≈0.3 μm in diameter. Sites of two sequences can be distinguished using two-color FISH. Different reporter molecules, such as biotin or digoxigenin, are incorporated into DNA sequence probes by nick translation. These reporter molecules are labeled after hybridization with different fluorochromes, e.g., FITC and Texas Red. The development of dual band pass filters (Chromatechnology) allows these fluorochromes to be photographed simultaneously without registration shift.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization on plant extended chromatin DNA fibers for single-copy and repetitive DNA sequences

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1779-1786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Yang ◽  
Hecui Zhang ◽  
Richard Converse ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Xiaoying Rong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Repetitive Dna Sequences

Conserved repetitive DNA sequences (Bkm) in normal equine males and sex-reversed females detected by in situ hybridization

1988 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.G. Kent ◽  
K.O. Elliston ◽  
W. Shroeder ◽  
K.S. Guise ◽  
S.S. Wachtel
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Repetitive Dna Sequences

scholarly journals Detection of Canine Parvovirus in Naturally Infected Dogs with Enteritis and Myocarditis by in Situ Hybridization

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whan-Gook Nho ◽  
Jung-Hyang Sur ◽  
Alan R. Doster ◽  
Soon-Bok Kim
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Capsid Protein ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Canine Parvovirus ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Labeled Probe

An improved method for the diagnosis of canine parvovirus using in situ hybridization in standard formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections was developed. A digoxigenin-labeled probe complementary to DNA sequences that code for the entire sequence of the capsid protein VP-1 and the middle part of the sequence of the capsid protein VP-2 was designed. Specific histologic localization of canine parvovirus-infected cells was demonstrated in small intestine, tonsil, lymph node, thymus, spleen, heart, liver, and kidney from dogs diagnosed at necropsy with canine parvovirus infection. The in situ hybridization accurately pinpointed the specific sites of viral infection. The detection of canine parvovirus in liver, kidney, and heart tissues together in the same pups could represent an enhanced virulence of this strain of canine parvovirus and suggests a broadened tissue tropism not seen before in Korean strains of canine parvovirus.

Identification of the entire chromosome complement of bread wheat by two-colour FISH

Genome ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 589-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Pedersen ◽  
P. Langridge
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Aegilops Tauschii ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Chromosome Identification ◽  
Satellite Sequence ◽  
Entire Chromosome

Using the Aegilops tauschii clone pAs1 together with the barley clone pHvG38 for two-colour fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) the entire chromosome complement of hexaploid wheat was identified. The combination of the two probes allowed easy discrimination of the three genomes of wheat. The banding pattern obtained with the pHvG38 probe containing the GAA-satellite sequence was identical to the N-banding pattern of wheat. A detailed idiogram was constructed, including 73 GAA bands and 48 pAs1 bands. Identification of the wheat chromosomes by FISH will be particularly useful in connection with the physical mapping of other DNA sequences to chromosomes, or for chromosome identification in general, as an alternative to C-banding.Key words: Triticum aestivum, chromosome identification, fluorescence in situ hybridization, repetitive DNA sequences.

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