scholarly journals Both contractile axial and lateral traction force dynamics drive amoeboid cell motility

2014 ◽  
Vol 204 (6) ◽  
pp. 1045-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Effie Bastounis ◽  
Ruedi Meili ◽  
Begoña Álvarez-González ◽  
Joshua Francois ◽  
Juan C. del Álamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Motility ◽  
Traction Force ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Force Dynamics ◽  
Amoeboid Cell ◽  
Axial Forces ◽  
Extrinsic Cues ◽  
Mutant Strains ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Chemotaxing Dictyostelium discoideum cells adapt their morphology and migration speed in response to intrinsic and extrinsic cues. Using Fourier traction force microscopy, we measured the spatiotemporal evolution of shape and traction stresses and constructed traction tension kymographs to analyze cell motility as a function of the dynamics of the cell’s mechanically active traction adhesions. We show that wild-type cells migrate in a step-wise fashion, mainly forming stationary traction adhesions along their anterior–posterior axes and exerting strong contractile axial forces. We demonstrate that lateral forces are also important for motility, especially for migration on highly adhesive substrates. Analysis of two mutant strains lacking distinct actin cross-linkers (mhcA− and abp120− cells) on normal and highly adhesive substrates supports a key role for lateral contractions in amoeboid cell motility, whereas the differences in their traction adhesion dynamics suggest that these two strains use distinct mechanisms to achieve migration. Finally, we provide evidence that the above patterns of migration may be conserved in mammalian amoeboid cells.

scholarly journals Discussion of “Cytoskeletal Mechanics Regulating Amoeboid Cell Locomotion” (Álvarez-González, B., Bastounis, E., Meili, R., del Alamo, J. C., Firtel, R. A., and Lasheras, J. C., 2014, ASME Appl. Mech. Rev., 66(5), p. 050804)

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Trepat
Keyword(s):  
Cell Motility ◽  
Traction Force ◽  
Traction Forces ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Amoeboid Cell ◽  
Cell Locomotion ◽  
Cell Cycle Synchronization ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Universal Feature ◽  
The Relationship

A virtually universal feature of adherent cells is their ability to exert traction forces. To measure these forces, several methods have been developed over the past 15 years. In this issue of Applied Mechanics Reviews, Álvarez-González and co-workers review their own traction force microscopy approach and its application to the study of amoeboid cell locomotion. They show that the cycle of cell motility is exquisitely synchronized by a cycle of traction forces. In addition, they show how traction forces and cell cycle synchronization are affected by myosin and SCAR/WAVE mutants. Here, I discuss some open questions that derive from the work of the authors and other laboratories as regards the relationship between cell motility and traction forces.

scholarly journals Avoiding tensional equilibrium in cells migrating on a matrix with cell-scale stiffness-heterogeneity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Ebata ◽  
Satoru Kidoaki
Keyword(s):  
Traction Force ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Matrix Stiffness ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Force Dynamics ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Cell Shaping ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Stiffness ◽  
Living Tissues ◽  
Migration Of Cells

AbstractIntracellular stresses affect various cell functions, including proliferation, differentiation and movement, which are dynamically modulated in migrating cells through continuous cell-shaping and remodeling of the cytoskeletal architecture induced by spatiotemporal interactions with extracellular matrix stiffness. When cells migrate on a matrix with cell-scale stiffness-heterogeneity, which is a common situation in living tissues, what intracellular stress dynamics (ISD) emerge? In this study, to explore this issue, finite element method-based traction force microscopy was applied to cells migrating on microelastically patterned gels. Two model systems of microelastically patterned gels (stiff/soft stripe and stiff triangular patterns) were designed to characterize the effects of a spatial constraint on cell-shaping and of the presence of different types of cues to induce competing cellular taxis (usual and reverse durotaxis) on the ISD, respectively. As the main result, the prolonged fluctuation of traction stress on a whole-cell scale was markedly enhanced on single cell-size triangular stiff patterns compared with homogeneous gels. Such ISD enhancement was found to be derived from the interplay between the nomadic migration of cells to regions with different degrees of stiffness and domain shape-dependent traction force dynamics, which should be an essential factor for keeping cells far from tensional equilibrium.

scholarly journals ATP allosterically stabilizes Integrin-linked kinase for efficient force generation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel M. Martin ◽  
Michele M. Nava ◽  
Sara A. Wickstroem ◽  
Frauke Graeter
Keyword(s):  
Focal Adhesion ◽  
Protein Unfolding ◽  
Focal Adhesions ◽  
Traction Force ◽  
Force Generation ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Integrin Linked Kinase ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Propagation Network

Focal adhesions link the actomyosin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix regulating cell adhesion, shape, and migration. Adhesions are dynamically assembled and disassembled in response to extrinsic and intrinsic forces, but how the essential adhesion component intergrin-linked kinase (ILK) dynamically responds to mechanical force and what role ATP bound to this pseudokinase plays remains elusive. Here, we apply force-probe molecular dynamics simulations of ILK:alpha-parvin coupled to traction force microscopy to explore ILK mechanotransducing functions. We identify two key saltbridge-forming arginines within the allosteric, ATP-dependent force-propagation network of ILK. Disrupting this network by mutation impedes parvin binding, focal adhesion stabilization, force generation, and thus migration. Under tension, ATP shifts the balance from rupture of the complex to protein unfolding, indicating that ATP increases the force threshold required for focal adhesion disassembly. Our study proposes a new role of ATP as an obligatory binding partner for structural and mechanical integrity of the pseudokinase ILK, ensuring efficient cellular force generation and migration.

scholarly journals Two-dimensional TIRF-SIM–traction force microscopy (2D TIRF-SIM-TFM)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Barbieri ◽  
Huw Colin-York ◽  
Kseniya Korobchevskaya ◽  
Di Li ◽  
Deanna L. Wolfson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resolution Enhancement ◽  
Traction Force ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Traction Force Microscopy ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Structured Illumination ◽  
Structured Illumination Microscopy ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Spatio Temporal

AbstractQuantifying small, rapidly evolving forces generated by cells is a major challenge for the understanding of biomechanics and mechanobiology in health and disease. Traction force microscopy remains one of the most broadly applied force probing technologies but typically restricts itself to slow events over seconds and micron-scale displacements. Here, we improve >2-fold spatially and >10-fold temporally the resolution of planar cellular force probing compared to its related conventional modalities by combining fast two-dimensional total internal reflection fluorescence super-resolution structured illumination microscopy and traction force microscopy. This live-cell 2D TIRF-SIM-TFM methodology offers a combination of spatio-temporal resolution enhancement relevant to forces on the nano- and sub-second scales, opening up new aspects of mechanobiology to analysis.

scholarly journals Different Cell Migration Modes: Insights from Traction Force Microscopy and Modeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 113a
Author(s):  
Wouter-Jan Rappel ◽  
Elisabeth Ghabache ◽  
Yuansheng Cao ◽  
Yuchuan Miao ◽  
Alexander Groisman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Traction Force ◽  
Traction Force Microscopy ◽  
Force Microscopy
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