scholarly journals ANTIGENS IN EGGS AND DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES OF THE SEA URCHIN

1964 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Perlmann ◽  
Jane Couffer-Kaltenbach
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Protein Antigens ◽  
Preparative Scale ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Cell Fractions ◽  
Isolated Cell

Homogenates of fertilized eggs of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus were fractionated by differential centrifugation. In addition, whole eggs were fragmented, on a preparative scale, by centrifugation in sea water-sucrose gradients. The fractions and fragments were subsequently assayed for their content of soluble protein antigens described in an earlier publication. Relative concentrations of antigen present in quantitatively isolated cell fractions were estimated by graded antiserum absorption in combination with agar-diffusion technique. Two of six antigens were found to be associated mainly with the low speed sediments. Treatment of the various sediments with hypotonic medium and results obtained with fragmented eggs suggested that these two antigens and possibly a third were probably located in the yolk granules. The other antigens were more evenly distributed among the low speed sediments and the non-sedimented part of the cytoplasm. Only one of the antigens was consistently associated with the microsomal fraction.

Further studies of the effects of deprivation of sulfate on the early development of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus

Development ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-305
Author(s):  
J. Immers ◽  
J. Runnström
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
And Function ◽  
Early Developmental

The morphological effects of sulfate-free medium on sea urchin embryos were described in detail by Herbst (1904). Further studies were carried out by Lindahl (1936, 1942). He was the first to consider metabolic aspects of the rôle of sulfate in the development of the sea urchin. Immers (1956, 1959, 1961a and b, 1962) studied the distribution and function of acid mucopolysaccharides in early developmental stages of sea urchins, mainly Paracentrotus lividus. A dominant group of these acid polysaccharides are sulfated. Their location in the blastocoel, in the hyaline layer and in the lumen of the intestine could be demonstrated by staining of sectioned specimens with the ferri-acetic reagent of Hale (1946). In blastulae or gastrulae raised in sulfate-free sea water these regions are negative with respect to Hale staining (Immers, 1961b). On the other hand, the ectodermal nuclei of the animal region of the embryos are stained with the Hale reagent although the nuclei of the vegetal region remained unstained (1.c.).

scholarly journals CHANGES IN THE POTASSIUM CONTENT OF SEA URCHIN EGGS ON FERTILIZATION

1951 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Monroy Oddo ◽  
Maria Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Potassium Content ◽  
Minimum Point ◽  
Sea Urchin Eggs ◽  
Maximum Loss ◽  
Arbacia Lixula

In the eggs of Arbacia lixula and Paracentrotus lividus an uptake of K occurs during the first 10 minutes following fertilization. Between 10 and 40 minutes K is then released. Both in Arbacia and in Paracentrotus the minimum point of the curve coincides with the nuclear streak stage. A maximum loss of 25 per cent in Arbacia and 20 per cent in Paracentrotus with respect to the amount present in the unfertilized eggs has been found. From 40 minutes up to 1 hour K undergoes a further increase and when the first cleavage sets in the same amount of K is present as in the unfertilized eggs. By treating the eggs with K-free artificial sea water it has been established that about 60 per cent of the K content of the eggs is in a non-diffusible condition. Also under such conditions the eggs when fertilized are able to take up even the very small amount of K present in the medium that was released by them prior to fertilization.

scholarly journals ANTIGENS IN EGGS AND DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES OF THE SEA URCHIN

1961 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Couffer-Kaltenbach ◽  
Peter Perlmann
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobility ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Serial Dilution ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Migration Rates

A number of antigens in unfertilized eggs and embryos of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus were characterized with respect to both immunological and physicochemical properties. Experiments involved single diffusion in agar (Oudin technique) combined with mutual dilution, serial dilution, and heating of antigenic extracts, as well as immunoelectrophoresis with normal and heated extracts and agar electrophoresis followed by staining of the antigenic spots with protein specific dyes. The gradual transition in migration rates of bands of precipitates in Oudin tubes following mutual dilution of either extracts or antisera allowed the identification of 6 immunologically identical antigens in eggs and embryonic stages. Similarities with respect to diffusion coefficients, sensitivity to heat, electrophoretic mobility, and reaction to protein specific dyes indicated that the antigens in extracts of eggs and various developmental stages also had certain physicochemical properties in common. Such knowledge is of importance for an understanding of antigenic changes occurring during ontogenesis.

Phosphate-Transport Appearance in the Sea-Urchin Egg. I. Effects of Protein-Synthesis Inhibitors on Fertilized Eggs and Embryos

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1178-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joël de la Noüe
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Active Transport ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Phosphate Transport ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors ◽  
Transport Carrier

When fertilized eggs of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, the purple sea urchin, are incubated in sea water containing 32PO43− and L-14C-valine, valine incorporation is inhibited in the presence of puromycin, cycloheximide, or chloramphenicol, but only the last inhibits the active transport of phosphate. Since chloramphenicol does not depress the egg respiration, it is likely that this drug acts specifically. This is in line with a lack of inhibitory effect of chloramphenicol on phosphate uptake at later developmental stages, except at the time of gastrulation, when the appearance of new phosphate carriers might well occur. It is suggested that the active transport carrier for phosphate, or some element required for its operation, is synthesized after fertilization, with the likely participation of the mitochondrial protein-synthesis machinery. A similar proposal holds for valine uptake.

scholarly journals The Inorganic Constituents of the Sea-Urchin Egg

1953 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-544
Author(s):  
LORD ROTHSCHILD ◽  
H. BARNES
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Sea Urchin Egg ◽  
Soluble Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic Constituents

1. The principal inorganic constituents of the unfertilized egg of Paracentrotus lividus have been analysed by chemical methods. The results of the analyses, in millimoles per kg. of water in the eggs (dry weight of eggs, 24%; density, 1.09), were: The figures in brackets are the concentrations of the same substances in Roscoff sea water, chlorinity 19.37‰ in the same units. 2. The total phosphorus content of the eggs was about 2 mg./ml. eggs, somewhat over half of this being acid-soluble phosphorus.

Swimming speed alteration in the early developmental stages of Paracentrotus lividus sea urchin as ecotoxicological endpoint

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Morgana ◽  
Chiara Gambardella ◽  
Carla Falugi ◽  
Roberto Pronzato ◽  
Francesca Garaventa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Early Developmental Stages ◽  
Early Developmental

scholarly journals An open reading frame in intron seven of the sea urchin DNA-methyltransferase gene codes for a functional AP1 endonuclease

2002 ◽  
Vol 365 (3) ◽  
pp. 833-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Valentina CIOFFI ◽  
Diana FERRARA ◽  
Maria Vittoria CUBELLIS ◽  
Francesco ANIELLO ◽  
Marcella CORRADO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Dna Methyltransferase ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Reading Frame

Analysis of the genome structure of the Paracentrotus lividus (sea urchin) DNA methyltransferase (DNA MTase) gene showed the presence of an open reading frame, named METEX, in intron 7 of the gene. METEX expression is developmentally regulated, showing no correlation with DNA MTase expression. In fact, DNA MTase transcripts are present at high concentrations in the early developmental stages, while METEX is expressed at late stages of development. Two METEX cDNA clones (Met1 and Met2) that are different in the 3′ end have been isolated in a cDNA library screening. The putative translated protein from Met2 cDNA clone showed similarity with Escherichia coli endonuclease III on the basis of sequence and predictive three-dimensional structure. The protein, overexpressed in E. coli and purified, had functional properties similar to the endonuclease specific for apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites on the basis of the lyase activity. Therefore the open reading frame, present in intron 7 of the P. lividus DNA MTase gene, codes for a functional AP endonuclease designated SuAP1.

Studies on the Respiration of Sea-Urchin Spermatozoa

1963 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-586
Author(s):  
H. MOHRI ◽  
I. YASUMASU
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Platinum Electrode ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Ph Variations ◽  
Hemicentrotus Pulcherrimus

1. The effect of PCOCO2 on the respiration and motility of sea-urchin spermatozoa was studied on Anthocidaris crassispina. Some points were also corroborated on Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, Pseudocentrotus depressus, Paracentrotus lividus and Sphaerechinus granularis. 2. It was found that any level of CO2 above 1%, both in oxygen and in air, inhibited the O2 uptake of spermatozoa suspended in sea water, measured polarographically with a vibrating platinum electrode. The inhibitory effect paralleled the PCOCO2 and was completely reversed by introducing oxygen or air. 3. pH variations between 8.50 and 6.75 had no influence on O2 uptake, when the pH was stabilized with 0.05 Mhistidine-HCl-NaOH. O2 uptake was, however, reduced to some extent outside this range, especially on the acid side. Although the increase in PCOCO2 is inevitably followed by a decrease in pH, the inhibitory effect of CO2 far exceeds that caused by the reduction in pH. 4. The O2 uptake rate was little affected by the addition of both bicarbonate and carbonate ions to the suspending medium, although the former had a slightly stimulating effect at certain concentrations. 5. In buffered sea water, CO2 had little influence on O2 uptake even at partial pressures as high as 10% which inhibited the bulk of O2 uptake in sea water. 6. Sperm motility was also inhibited by CO2. In this case, too, the inhibition paralleled the PCOMCOM2 and was completely reversible. The effect was more pronounced in air than in oxygen, and in dense sperm suspensions than in dilute ones. 7. These results suggest that gaseous CO2 is the factor responsible for the inhibitory effect. The possible role of CO2 in the dilution phenomena of sea-urchin spermatozoa is discussed.

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