scholarly journals IMMUNOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON THE SPECIFIC CARBOHYDRATE OF GROUP G STREPTOCOCCI

1964 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 997-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen N. Curtis ◽  
Richard M. Krause
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Antigenic Specificity ◽  
Group G Streptococci ◽  
Serological Studies ◽  
Specific Polysaccharide

Group G hemolytic streptococcal cell walls which have been treated with trypsin are composed of a group-specific polysaccharide moiety and a mucopeptide matrix. The mucopeptide contains N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylmuramic acid, alanine, glutamic acid, lysine, and glycine, a composition similar to that of other groups of streptococci. The Group G carbohydrate is composed of rhamnose, N-acetylgalactosamine, and galactose. Serological studies suggest that the monosaccharide of L-rhamnose is a major component of the determinant of antigenic specificity.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF THE STREPTOCOCCAL CELL WALL

1962 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Krause ◽  
Maclyn McCarty
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Soluble Group ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Streptococcal Cell Wall ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Cell Wall Lysis ◽  
C Cell ◽  
Serological Studies

The trypsinized cell walls of Group C streptococci contain two components, the group-specific carbohydrate and a mucopeptide polymer. Hot formamide extraction of Group C cell walls results in a soluble group-specific carbohydrate fraction and an insoluble mucopeptide residue. This mucopeptide, similar in composition to that of Groups A and A-variant streptococci, contains N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylmuramic acid, alanine, glutamic acid, lysine, and glycine. It is dissolved by the muralytic enzymes, including lysozyme, which does not attack the whole cell wall. Lysis of the cell wall by phage-associated lysin results in the release of soluble fragments composed of the elements of mucopeptide. Group C carbohydrate extracted with formamide is composed primarily of N-acetylgalactosamine and rhamnose. Serological studies suggest that the specificity of Group C carbohydrate is determined by the N-acetylgalactosamine.

Structural and serological studies onHafnia alveiO-specific polysaccharide of α-d-mannan type isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of strain PCM 1223

2001 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Katzenellenbogen ◽  
Nina A. Kocharova ◽  
George V. Zatonsky ◽  
Joanna Kübler-Kielb ◽  
Andrzej Gamian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serological Studies ◽  
Specific Polysaccharide

scholarly journals Hemicellulosic complexes from the cell walls of runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus)

1985 ◽  
Vol 227 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A O'Neill ◽  
R R Selvendran
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Phaseolus Coccineus ◽  
Methylation Analysis ◽  
Sequential Fractionation ◽  
Runner Bean

The 1 M-KOH extract from the depectinated cell walls of parenchymatous tissues of mature runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus) on neutralization, dialysis and concentration gave insoluble (hemicellulose A) and soluble (hemicellulose B) carbohydrate complexes in the weight ratio 2:1. Both fractions contained polysaccharide, protein and polyphenolic material. The structural features of the carbohydrates were examined by methylation analysis. Hemicellulose A contained mainly pectic arabinogalactan, with lesser amounts of arabinoxylan and glucan. Sequential fractionation of hemicellulose B by anion-exchange and hydroxyapatite chromatography gave a range of polysaccharide-protein-polyphenolic complexes. The main polysaccharides in these complexes were (acidic) arabinoxylans, galactans, arabinogalactans 1 and 2 and xyloglucans. The proteins contained small amounts of hydroxyproline, but were rich in aspartic acid and glutamic acid. Attempts to determine the nature of the polyphenolic material were unsuccessful. The structural features of the polysaccharide-protein-polyphenolic complexes are discussed in relation to the structure of the cell walls of parenchymatous tissues.

scholarly journals TYPE AND GROUP POLYSACCHARIDES OF GROUP D STREPTOCOCCI

1960 ◽  
Vol 111 (5) ◽  
pp. 621-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Single Component ◽  
Comparable Amount ◽  
Mechanical Disruption ◽  
Specific Polysaccharide ◽  
Group D

Polysaccharides extracted from cell walls of 4 serological types of Group D streptococci were serologically type-specific. Acid hydrolysates of all 4 contained hexosamine (glucosamine), rhamnose and glucose. A polysaccharide extracted from 2 serological types by either alkaline treatment or mechanical disruption was serologically group-specific. Acid hydrolysates contained glucose and no other single component in comparable amount. The group-specific polysaccharide, which may be of a dextran-like nature, is probably situated wholly or in part at the surface of the streptococcus.

scholarly journals Structure of the glycerol phosphate-containing O-specific polysaccharide and serological studies on the lipopolysaccharides ofCitrobacter werkmaniiPCM 1548 and PCM 1549 (serogroup O14)

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Katzenellenbogen ◽  
Nina A. Kocharova ◽  
Agnieszka Korzeniowska-Kowal ◽  
Maria Bogulska ◽  
Jacek Rybka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycerol Phosphate ◽  
Serological Studies ◽  
Specific Polysaccharide

scholarly journals Autolysis of cell walls of Bacillus stearothermophilus B65 and the chemical structure of the peptidoglycan

1970 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. 859-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Grant ◽  
A. J. Wicken
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Paper Electrophoresis ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
Peptide Fragments ◽  
Acid Complex ◽  
Acid Hydrolysate ◽  
Peptide Mixture

1. The cell walls of Bacillus stearothermophilus B65 contain glucosamine, muramic acid, alanine, α∈-diaminopimelic acid (Dap), glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, and serine in the molecular proportions 0.60:0.64:2.30:0.85:1.00:0.11:0.13:0.31. 2. Both d- and l-alanine are present, but glutamic acid and diaminopimelic acid are present only as the d- and meso-isomers respectively. 3. The peptide fragments Ala-Dap, Dap-Ala, and Dap-Ala-Dap have been isolated from a partial acid hydrolysate of the cell walls. 4. The major products of autolysis of the cell wall were d-alanine, a peptide mixture, peptidoglycan material and a peptidoglycan–teichoic acid complex. 5. Separation of the peptide mixture into ten major peptides was achieved by DEAE-Sephadex and paper chromatography, and paper electrophoresis. 6. The structures of these peptides have been determined and they fall into four groups, the individual members of each group differing only in number or position of carboxamide substituents. 7. The structures are I, a tripeptide l-Ala–d-Glu-meso-Dap; II, a pentapeptide made up by the tripeptide (I) linked through the ∈-amino group of its diaminopimelic acid residue to the carboxyterminal of the dipeptide meso-Dap-d-Ala; III, a heptapeptide made up by a similar linkage between the tripeptide (I) and the tetrapeptide l-Ala-d-Glu-meso-Dap-d-Ala; IV, a possible undecapeptide made up by a further tetrapeptide similarly linked to the heptapeptide (III) structure. 8. The structure of the peptidoglycan and the actions of the autolytic enzymes are discussed in terms of these peptide structures.

scholarly journals Structural and serological studies on a new 4-deoxy-d-arabino-hexose-containing O-specific polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of Citrobacter braakii PCM 1531 (serogroup O6)

2003 ◽  
Vol 270 (13) ◽  
pp. 2732-2738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Katzenellenbogen ◽  
Nina A. Kocharova ◽  
George V. Zatonsky ◽  
Danuta Witkowska ◽  
Maria Bogulska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serological Studies ◽  
Specific Polysaccharide

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE CHEMISTRY AND IMMUNOCHEMISTRY OF CELL WALLS OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

1962 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen I. Morse
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Antigenic Determinant ◽  
Intact Cell ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aureus Strain ◽  
Muramic Acid ◽  
Sheep Erythrocytes

The cell walls of an 80/81 strain of Staphylococcus aureus (NYH-6) contain alanine, glycine, glutamic acid, lysine, muramic acid, glucosamine, and ribitol phosphate. 94 per cent of the phosphorus and 41 per cent of the glucosamine are removed by extraction of the cell walls with hot 5 per cent TCA, but significant amounts of the other constituents are not extracted by this procedure. The residue after hot TCA extraction (mucopeptide) is susceptible to lysozyme whereas the intact cell walls are resistant. Staphylococcus aureus cell walls are agglutinated by S. aureus antisera. Agglutination of the cell walls of one S. aureus strain is inhibited by absorption of antisera with cell walls of other S. aureus strains but not by absorption with S. albus cell walls. The ribitol teichoic acid can be isolated from cold TCA extracts of the cell walls. This compound consists almost entirely of ribitol phosphate and glucosamine. The isolated teichoic acid of strain NYH-6 is readily fixed to tanned sheep erythrocytes and these sensitized cells are agglutinated by S. aureus antisera. Cold TCA extracts of cell walls of other strains of S. aureus inhibit hemagglutination whereas extracts of S. albus walls do not. Studies on the inhibition of both hemagglutination and precipitation indicate that the antigenic determinant of S. aureus NYH-6 teichoic acid is ß-N-acetylglucosamine.

Peptidoglycan structure in cell walls of parental and filamentous Streptococcus cremoris HP

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 905-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Johnson ◽  
I. J. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Muramic Acid ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Amino Groups ◽  
Streptococcus Cremoris ◽  
Peptidoglycan Structure ◽  
Filamentous Cell

Cell walls were prepared from parental and filamentous cells of Streptococcus cremoris HP. In addition to aspartic acid, glutamic acid, alanine, and lysine in a 1:2:3:1 ratio, such preparations contained hot formamide-extractable material composed of glucosamine, glucosa-mine-6-phosphate, glucose, galactose, and rhamnose. Parental and filamentous cell walls contained, respectively, 210 and 225 disaccharide units per milligram. The ratio of muramic acid: peptide subunits was about 1.3 for both preparations.Enzymic and chemical analyses revealed that glycan strands are incompletely substituted, peptide cross-bridging is not mediated by D-alanyl-L-alanyl linkages, peptide subunits are linked together to form large moieties, and no significant differences in peptidoglycan structure exist between parental and filamentous cell walls.Analysis by dinitrophenylation techniques disclosed the presence of significant quantities of glucosamine and muramic acid residues with free amino groups in the peptidoglycans of both cell wall preparations. Conversion of such groups by dinitrophenylation or N-acetylation greatly enhanced the response of cell walls to lysozyme digestion.

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