scholarly journals IN VITRO CULTIVATION AND IMMUNOFLUORESCENT STUDIES OF TRANSPLANTABLE CARCINOMAS Vx2 AND Vx7

1967 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 881-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toyoro Osato ◽  
Yohei Ito
Keyword(s):  
Viral Antigen ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Virus Antibody ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Cover Slip ◽  
Domestic Rabbits ◽  
Shope Papilloma Virus ◽  
Cells Cultured

The Vx2 and Vx7 rabbit carcinomas, both of Shope papilloma derivation, were cultivated in vitro and studied for immunofluorescence indicative of the presence of viral antigen. The cultured Vx7 cells were characteristically pleomorphic, round or polygonal cells, and immunofluorescence was demonstrable in 5–20% of them as counted on cover slip cultures after exposure to rabbit sera containing anti-Shope papilloma virus antibody. The Vx2 cells in contrast to this were of almost uniform size and character, small and approximately round, and the specific fluorescence was found in less than 0.1% of the total number. These findings indicate that some antigenic derivation from the Shope papilloma virus is still persisting at least in some fractions of the cells, not only of Vx7 tumors but also of the Vx2 tumors, even after maintenance of the growths by transplantation for more than 20 yr. During the course of the study, two lines of the Vx7 were kept continually growing while the culture of Vx2 was discontinued at its tenth passage after an accident due to mechanical failure of the incubator. The neoplastic capacity of the Vx7 cells cultured in vitro was demonstrated by implanting these intradermally on the ears of domestic rabbits. The result was destructive carcinomas of the Vx7 sort.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE SHOPE RABBIT PAPILLOMA VIRUS

1959 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilbur Fiske Noyes
Keyword(s):  
Cell Layer ◽  
Virus Antigen ◽  
Fluorescence Technique ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Domestic Rabbits ◽  
Proliferating Cell ◽  
Shope Papilloma Virus

A method has been devised to determine the location of infective Shope virus in the papillomas of cottontail rabbits. Frozen sections of the growths were burned selectively with a microcautery to destroy either the keratinized or proliferating layer and the sections were then applied directly to the sensitized epidermis of domestic rabbits. No papillomas appeared when the keratohyaline and keratinized areas had been eliminated leaving the proliferating cell layer, whereas papillomas arose when the proliferating cell areas were destroyed leaving the keratohyaline and keratinized layers. The results indicate that infective Shope papilloma virus is situated mainly, perhaps entirely, in the keratohyaline and keratinized areas of cottontail papillomas. This is in accord with the previous disclosure by the fluorescence technique that virus antigen in demonstrable quantity is present only in these situations.

scholarly journals INDUCTION OF TUMORS IN DOMESTIC RABBITS WITH NUCLEIC ACID PREPARATIONS FROM PARTIALLY PURIFIED SHOPE PAPILLOMA VIRUS AND FROM EXTRACTS OF THE PAPILLOMAS OF DOMESTIC AND COTTONTAIL RABBITS

1961 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohei Ito ◽  
Charles A. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Virus Preparation ◽  
Minute Amount ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Domestic Rabbit ◽  
Intact Virus ◽  
Negative Findings ◽  
Domestic Rabbits ◽  
Tumorigenic Activity ◽  
Shope Papilloma Virus

A deoxyribonucleic acid preparation which showed infectivity and tumorigenic activity in domestic rabbits was isolated from the papillomatous tissue of wild cottontail rabbits by phenolic deproteinization procedure. The activity of the preparation could be completely abolished by its exposure to a minute amount (0.02 µg/ml) of DNAase. Antisera against Shope papilloma virus did not block the tumorigenic activity of the preparation, and trypsin and chymotrypsin had no effect on it. The extraction with phenol of a partially purified virus preparation also yielded extracts with tumorigenic potency. Extracts obtained from the domestic rabbit papilloma and submitted to phenolic deproteinization also proved infective and tumorigenic in rabbits of this sort, although the level of "tumorigenicity" was much lower than that of the cottontail preparations. Tests for intact virus, carried out with half of the extracts yielded wholly negative findings.

scholarly journals THE MASKING EFFECT OF EXTRAVASATED ANTIBODY ON THE RABBIT PAPILLOMA VIRUS (SHOPE)

1939 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 583-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Kidd
Keyword(s):  
Serum Antibody ◽  
The State ◽  
Masking Effect ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Antiviral Antibody ◽  
Domestic Rabbits ◽  
State Of Affairs

The foregoing experiments have shown that the causative virus is usually "masked" in the large, disorderly, fissured and inflamed papillomas of cottontails when antiviral antibody is present in quantity in their blood, though virus can be recovered as a rule from the smaller, discrete, well ordered papillomas of these rabbits, almost irrespective of the amount of antibody in the blood of the individuals bearing them. Other findings are described which indicate that the masking of the virus in the large fissured growths is due to serum antibody present in them as result of exudation or hemorrhage, which neutralizes the virus when the growths are extracted or preserved in vitro. The local conditions that favor extravasation of serum (and the accumulation of antibody) prevail as a rule in the large, confluent growths arising after virus has been sown broadcast on scarified skin, but to lesser extent or not at all in the discrete papillomas that occur naturally or as result of tattoo inoculation. The state of affairs is notably different in the papillomas of domestic rabbits. The virus is regularly masked in these, and usually masked completely, even when there is little antibody in the blood and the local conditions do not favor its extravasation into the growths. The findings indicate that something other than antibody is primarily responsible for the masking in this species.

Antigenicity of a Spontaneous Murine Mammary Adenocarcinoma during in Vitro Cultivation

1977 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwar A. Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Protease ◽  
Mammary Adenocarcinoma ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Membrane Glycoproteins ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Alpha 1 Antitrypsin ◽  
Immunogenic Properties ◽  
Cells Cultured ◽  
Immune Spleen Cells

The present study reports on the transplantability and immunogenic properties of a murine spontaneous mammary adenocarcinoma (AdCa) cultured under various conditions. When cultured under standard conditions for 300 days, AdCa cells became nononcogenic, and 74 % survived the effects of immune spleen cells. Cell cultures grown in presence of the « extracellular protease » retained their transplantability, and only 25 % survived the effects of immune spleen cells. In cotton-stoppered bottles without HEPES, the cells retained their transplantability and survived after incubation with immune spleen cells, whereas AdCa cells cultured in presence of human alpha-1-antitrypsin became less oncogenic and remained sensitive to the killing effects of immune spleen cells. When treated with serum of mice or rabbits immunized with AdCa cells, the cells cultured under standard conditions or grown in presence of the human antitrypsin became non-transplantable, whereas cells grown in cotton-stoppered glass bottles or in presence of the « extracellular protease » retained their oncogenicity. When cultured AdCa cells were incubated with cAMP and then used to immunize syngeneic hosts, tumors arising from a challenging dose of untreated AdCa cells grew faster in mice immunized with cAMP-treated cells than in mice immunized with untreated cells. On the other hand, immunization with AdCa cells treated with EDTA, iodoacetate, or heparin reduced the transplantability of the challenging AdCa cells. Treatment with vibrio cholera neuraminidase (VCN) at pH 5.6 increased the immunogenicity of AdCa cells: immunization with VCN-treated AdCa cells protected syngeneic hosts against challenge with untreated AdCa cells, whereas formalin-or glutaraldehydeflxed untreated AdCa cells gave a transient protection. Rabbit and mouse antisera raised against VCN-treated AdCa cells and against membrane glycoproteins of untreated AdCa cells showed definite though variable cytotoxic activity against cultured untreated AdCa cells.

scholarly journals THE CARCINOGENIC EFFECT OF A PAPILLOMA VIRUS ON THE TARRED SKIN OF RABBITS

1938 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peyton Rous ◽  
John G. Kidd
Keyword(s):  
Blood Stream ◽  
Carcinogenic Effect ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Domestic Rabbits ◽  
Shope Papilloma Virus

The Shope papilloma virus elicits carcinomas forthwith, as well as papillomas in great variety, when it is distributed by way of the blood stream to the tarred epidermis of domestic rabbits. The phenomenon will be analyzed in succeeding papers with the aid of additional instances.

scholarly journals THE ROENTGEN RADIATION OF PAPILLOMA VIRUS (SHOPE)

1941 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Syverton ◽  
G. P. Berry ◽  
S. L. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Domestic Rabbits

Cell-free suspensions of papilloma virus (Shope) required for their inactivation in vitro amounts of Roentgen irradiation that are much greater than those needed to inactivate other infectious agents previously described. These amounts, millions of r units, are several thousand times greater than those required to eradicate permanently papillomas induced by the virus in domestic rabbits. Large doses of Roentgen radiation reduce the titer of papilloma virus, lengthen the period of time between inoculation and the appearance of papillomas, and decrease the size attained by the papillomas.

Biological and biomedical applications of collagenous biomaterials

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 856-857
Author(s):  
Yasushi P. Kato ◽  
Michael G. Dunn ◽  
Frederick H. Silver ◽  
Arthur J. Wasserman
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Bone Collagen ◽  
Cover Slip ◽  
Fibroblast Migration ◽  
Cellular Expression ◽  
Defect Repair

Collagenous biomaterials have been used for growing cells in vitro as well as for augmentation and replacement of hard and soft tissues. The substratum used for culturing cells is implicated in the modulation of phenotypic cellular expression, cellular orientation and adhesion. Collagen may have a strong influence on these cellular parameters when used as a substrate in vitro. Clinically, collagen has many applications to wound healing including, skin and bone substitution, tendon, ligament, and nerve replacement. In this report we demonstrate two uses of collagen. First as a fiber to support fibroblast growth in vitro, and second as a demineralized bone/collagen sponge for radial bone defect repair in vivo.For the in vitro study, collagen fibers were prepared as described previously. Primary rat tendon fibroblasts (1° RTF) were isolated and cultured for 5 days on 1 X 15 mm sterile cover slips. Six to seven collagen fibers, were glued parallel to each other onto a circular cover slip (D=18mm) and the 1 X 15mm cover slip populated with 1° RTF was placed at the center perpendicular to the collagen fibers. Fibroblast migration from the 1 x 15mm cover slip onto and along the collagen fibers was measured daily using a phase contrast microscope (Olympus CK-2) with a calibrated eyepiece. Migratory rates for fibroblasts were determined from 36 fibers over 4 days.

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