scholarly journals A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF THE STIMULATION OF DNA SYNTHESIS IN LYMPH NODE CELL CULTURES BY ANTI-LYMPHOCYTE SERUM, ANTI-GAMMA GLOBULIN SERUM, SPECIFIC ANTIGEN, AND PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININ

1969 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Foerster ◽  
Jean-Pierre Lamelin ◽  
Ira Green ◽  
Baruj Benacerraf
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Lymph Node Cell ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
Stimulation Of

Rabbit anti-guinea pig lymphocyte serum is an efficient stimulus of the synthesis of DNA by guinea pig lymph node cells in vitro. The ability of ALS to stimulate lymphocytes is characterized by its lack of dependence on prior sensitization, the magnitude of the response it elicits, and the stimulation of all sensitive lymph node cells simultaneously within a very narrow range of ALS concentrations. In contrast to this homogeneous response to ALS, the stimulation of lymph node cells by antigen proceeds in graded fashion over a wide range of concentrations, thus reflecting the heterogeneity of the response of sensitized cells to antigen. PHA gives a response which is intermediate between that of ALS and antigen. ALS appears to have specificity for membrane determinants shared by lymphocytes but not found on other tissues. This specificity does not involve cell-bound gamma globulin. The serum activity mediating lymphocyte stimulation as well as cytotoxicity is readily removed by absorption with lymph node cells.

scholarly journals HAPTEN CARRIER RELATIONSHIPS IN THE DNP-PLL·FOREIGN ALBUMIN COMPLEX SYSTEM: INDUCTION OF TOLERANCE AND STIMULATION OF CELLS IN VITRO

1968 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira Green ◽  
William E. Paul ◽  
Baruj Benacerraf
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Thymidine Incorporation ◽  
Lymph Node Cell ◽  
Simple Order ◽  
Significant Stimulation ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
Stimulate Cell Proliferation ◽  
Stimulation Of

Genetic nonresponder guinea pigs made tolerant to BSA and then immunized with DNP-PLL·BSA failed to make anti-DNP-PLL antibodies. Thus, tolerance to a carrier protein renders animals unresponsive to the hapten which it bears. The addition in vitro of DNP-PLL or DNP-GL to lymph node cell cultures derived from genetic responder animals immunized with these materials led to a significant stimulation of 3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA. However, the addition of DNP-PLL or DNP-GL to lymph node cell cultures from nonresponder animals immunized with these materials failed to produce any stimulation of DNA synthesis. Furthermore, the addition of DNP-PLL to lymph node cell cultures from nonresponder animals immunized with DNP-PLL·BSA or DNP-PLL·OVA also failed to stimulate cell proliferation in spite of the fact that the lymph node cells of these animals were producing anti-DNP-PLL antibodies. The above facts suggest that the function of the PLL gene product is to act at an early crucial step in the immune mechanism to form an antigen-inducer complex. The specificity of this early step may be of a simple order and different than that of the antibody which is later produced in the immune response.

scholarly journals OCCURRENCE OF DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARTHUS TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY

1958 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Salvin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Latent Period ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Egg Albumin ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
Type Inclusion ◽  
Antibody Determination ◽  
Circulating Antibody

Guinea pigs were injected in the footpads with either purified diphtheria toxoid or recrystallized egg albumin in Freund adjuvant without mycobacteria. Each guinea pig was then skin-tested only once with the specific antigen and bled for antibody determination. After injection of the sensitizing antigen, a latent period occurred during which neither sensitivity nor circulating antibody could be detected. A period of delayed sensitivity followed wherein circulating antibody could not be discerned and which could be transferred by lymph node cells. Ultimately, the Arthus type sensitivity developed, accompanied by circulating antibody. The duration and severity of reactions to homologous antigens during the last 2 phases varied with the antigen and with the dose. An increase in the sensitizing dose decreased the duration of the delayed type of allergy, a decrease in the dose prolonged the delayed type. Inclusion of mycobacterium in the sensitizing inoculum tended to introduce delayed sensitivity earlier and delay the onset of Arthus type sensitivity. When specific precipitate in antibody excess was included with the toxoid in the sensitizing dose, the onset of the Arthus phase was hastened. When lymph nodes from a large number of sensitized donors were removed during the latter part of the latent period, recipients of the cells showed a delayed type sensitivity.

scholarly journals CYTOTOXICITY MEDIATED BY SOLUBLE ANTIGEN AND LYMPHOCYTES IN DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY

1968 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 1255-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy H. Ruddle ◽  
Byron H. Waksman
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Delayed Hypersensitivity ◽  
Soluble Antigen ◽  
Heterologous Proteins ◽  
Rat Embryo ◽  
Protein Carrier ◽  
Lymph Node Cells

Damage of rat embryo fibroblasts in the presence of sensitized lymph node cells reacting with specific antigen was shown to be closely correlated with delayed hypersensitivity in the animals from which the lymph node cells were taken. The phenomenon was not correlated with Arthus reactivity. In. animals sensitized with picryl conjugates of ovalbumin or human serum albumin, skin reactivity and the in vitro cytotoxic effect could be elicited only with the homologous conjugate or the protein carrier alone and not with picryl conjugates of heterologous proteins. Lewis rats developed more intense delayed sensitivity than BN rats, and Lewis lymph node cells were correspondingly more effective in producing specific damage of both syngeneic and allogeneic fibroblasts.

scholarly journals ANTIGEN RECOGNITION: IN VITRO STUDIES ON THE SPECIFICITY OF THE CELLULAR IMMUNE RESPONSE

1969 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
pp. 1031-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart F. Schlossman ◽  
Judith Herman ◽  
Arieh Yaron
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Lymph Node Cell ◽  
Antigen Receptors ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Conventional Antibody ◽  
Sensitive Population

Studies of the immunochemical specificity of antigen-induced thymidine-2-14C incorporation in lymph node cells obtained from animals immunized to a series of closely related α-DNP-oligolysines, ϵ-DNP-oligolysines, and oligolysines have shown that the sensitized cell exhibits an extraordinary degree of specificity for antigen. The sensitized cell is maximally stimulated by the homologous immunizing antigen and can discriminate among compounds which differ from one another only in the position of a dinitrophenyl group or D-lysine residue on an identical oligolysine backbone. These studies support the view that the immunogen is not degraded prior to the induction of the immune response, and that the majority of cells produced as a consequence of immunization have stereospecific antigen receptors for the DNP-oligolysine used to induce the response; a smaller and more variably sized population of cells is produced with receptors specific for the oligolysine portion of the immunizing antigen. When specifically sensitized lymph node cell cultures are stimulated in vitro by heterologous DNP-oligolysines, the oligolysine- and not the DNP-oligolysine-sensitive population of cells appears to play a crucial role in the specificity of such cross-reactions. It is concluded from these studies that the antigen receptor on the sensitized lymph node cell differs in both kind and degree from conventional antibody. The chemical nature of the receptor and the means by which this receptor reacts with antigen to initiate the biosynthetic or proliferative cellular immune response still remain undefined.

scholarly journals THE UROPOD-BEARING LYMPHOCYTE OF THE GUINEA PIG

1972 ◽  
Vol 135 (5) ◽  
pp. 1037-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Rosenstreich ◽  
Ethan Shevach ◽  
Ira Green ◽  
Alan S. Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Surface Membrane ◽  
Purified Protein Derivative ◽  
Membrane Immunoglobulin ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
Lymphocyte Populations ◽  
Antigen Reactivity

In this study, the frequency of uropod formation and the type of lymphocyte bearing the uropod was investigated in various guinea pig lymphocyte populations. Without prior in vitro stimulation, almost 40% of peritoneal exudate lymphocytes (PELS) form uropods, while thymocytes and lymph node cells form far fewer. Subsequent stimulation in vitro with purified protein derivative demonstrated that there is an association between antigen reactivity and frequency of uropod formation in these populations. The ultrastructure of these uropods is identical to that described for human lymphocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin. In the populations studied, all the lymphocytes forming uropods lack easily detectable surface membrane immunoglobulin and are therefore most likely thymus-derived or T lymphocytes.

scholarly journals CYTOTOXICITY MEDIATED BY SOLUBLE ANTIGEN AND LYMPHOCYTES IN DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY

1968 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 1267-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy H. Ruddle ◽  
Byron H. Waksman
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Cytopathic Effect ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Soluble Antigen ◽  
Rat Embryo ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
In Vitro Response

The cytopathic effect of lymph node cells from tuberculin-sensitized rats on rat embryo fibroblasts in the presence of PPD was not enhanced by admixture of normal (nonsensitized) lymph node cells. Preincubation studies showed that this in vitro response is initiated by the reaction of lymphocytes with specific antigen, beginning within 30 min, rather than uptake of antigen by the fibroblasts. The supernatant fluids from suspensions of sensitized cells incubated with PPD for 17 hr or more possessed cytotoxic activity. The target fibroblasts showed a marked increase in acid phosphatase content within 48 hr after the addition of sensitized lymph node cells and antigen.

scholarly journals Congenitally athymic nude (nu/nu) mice have Thy-1-bearing immunocompetent helper T cells in their peritoneal cavity.

1980 ◽  
Vol 151 (4) ◽  
pp. 965-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Ishikawa ◽  
K Saito
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Sheep Erythrocyte ◽  
Helper T Cells ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
Pig Serum

Heavily irradiated peritoneal cells (PC) from congenitally athymic nude (nu/nu) mice markedly restored the impaired in vitro antibody response of nu/nu spleen cells to sheep erythrocyte antigens (T-dependent antigen), whereas irradiated spleen or lymph node cells from nu/nu mice had no effect on the response. This activity of the irradiated PC of nu/nu mice was completely abolished by treatment with anti-Thy-1.2 antiserum plus normal guinea pig serum (C') and is, therefore, attributable to a function of matured T cells.

scholarly journals The in vitro effects of Bordetella pertussis lymphocytosis-promoting factor on murine lymphocytes. I. Proliferative response.

1977 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
A S Kong ◽  
S I Morse
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Dna Replication ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Proliferative Response ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
In Vitro Effects

The lymphocytosis-promoting factor of Bordetella pertussis is a potent mitogen for murine lymphocytes in vitro. The stimulatory response was not the result of specific antigen stimulation. Spleen and lymph node cells were responsive, whereas normal thymocytes were unresponsive. However, DNA replication was induced in cortisone-resistant thymocytes by lymphocytosis-promoting factor (LPF). Bone marrow cells were not stimulated by LPF.

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