scholarly journals Identification of Igh-C-linked determinants on suppressor T cell hybrids and factors specific for L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10 (GAT).

1985 ◽  
Vol 162 (3) ◽  
pp. 1044-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
C M Sorensen ◽  
R J Hayashi ◽  
C W Pierce
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Polypeptide Chain ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Suppressor T Cell ◽  
Cell Hybrids ◽  
Single Polypeptide Chain ◽  
Functional Classes ◽  
Single Polypeptide ◽  
Ig Allotype

Hyperimmunization of BALB/c mice with concanavalin A-stimulated blasts from the Ig allotype-congenic strain, C.B20, results in the production of antibodies reactive with T cells in an allotype-restricted manner. Spleen cells from these hyperimmune BALB/c mice were used to generate a panel of hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibodies, reactive, in an allotype-restricted manner, exclusively with T cells subpopulations, and in particular, reactive with suppressor T cell hybridomas and their secreted soluble factors. Two functional classes of antibodies were identified: those that react with single polypeptide-chain suppressor T cell factors (TsF1) and the suppressor T cell hybridomas that produce such factors, and those that react with two polypeptide-chain suppressor T cell factors (TsF2) and their corresponding suppressor T cell hybridomas. These two classes of antibody were used to isolate molecules from the membranes of the respective suppressor T cell hybrids that are functionally and structurally related to the secreted suppressor T cell factors, suggesting a receptor function for these molecules.

scholarly journals Loss of suppressor T cells in adult NZB/NZW mice.

1976 ◽  
Vol 144 (3) ◽  
pp. 662-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
R S Krakauer ◽  
T A Waldmann ◽  
W Strober
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Suppressor Cell ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Con A ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Suppressor T Cell ◽  
Cell Fractions

We have investigated suppressor T-cell activity in female NZB/NZW F1 mice using PWM-driven IgM biosynthesis in vitro as an indicator system. In initial we studied we observed that spleen cells from normal mice (BALB/c, C57BL/6), as well as from young (4 wk) and adult (18 wk) NZB/NZW mice, cultured in the presence of PWM synthesize 860 +/- 120 ng IgM/10(6) cells/7 days. However, when Con A (at 2 mug/ml) was added directly to the cultures (along with PWM), cells obtained from adult normal mice and young NZB/NZW mice showed a 94% suppression of IgM synthesis, whereas cells obtained from adult NZB/NZW mice were suppressed significantly less. To analyze these findings we studied the effect of Con A-induced suppressor cells (cells cultured with Con A for 24 h and washed free of Con A) on PWM-driven IgM biosynthesis. Spleen cells obtained from normal mice cultured in the presence of Con A-pulsed cells obtained from normal mice and young NZB/NZW mice showed an 83-88% suppression of PWM-driven IgM synthesis. Similarly, supernates obtained from Con A-pulsed cells of normal mice or of young NZB/NZW mice suppressed PWM-driven IgM synthesis. This suppression by Con A-pulsed cells and their supernates required T cells since T-cell fractions but not B-cell fractions eluted from anti-Fab Sephadex columns mediated suppression of co-cultured normal cells; in addition, Con A-pulsed cells treated with anti-theta and complement do not mediate suppression. These studies of Con A-induced suppressor cell activity in normal mice and young NZB/NZW mice contrast with studies of Con A-induced suppressor cell activity in adult NZB/NZW mice. We found that adult NZB/NZW Con A-pulsed cells and supernates obtained from the Con A-pulse cells had vastly decreased suppressor potential; in this case the Con A-pulse cells and supernatant fluids derived from such cells did not suppress PWM-driven IgM synthesis by normal cells. Finally, whereas spleen cells from young and adult NZB/NZW mice differ in their suppressor cell potential, cells from both sources could respond equally to suppressor signals in that Con A-pulsed normal cells or supernates derived from such cells caused equivalent suppression of PWM-driven IgM synthesis by young and adult NZB/NZW cells. These observations allow us to conclude that NZB/NZW mice lose suppressor T-cell activity as they age.

scholarly journals Virus-replicating T cells in the immune response of mice. III. Role of vesicular stomatitis virus-replicating T cells in the antibody response.

1978 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. 850-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Minato ◽  
Y Katsura
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Suppressor T Cells ◽  
Helper T Cell ◽  
Suppressor T Cell ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis

The functional role of the T cell (Tv) which can replicate vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) on activation by the antigen was investigated in antibody response in vitro. By the inoculation of VSV into the culture, marked augmentation of antibody response to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) was observed in the culture of spleen cells taken more than 3 days after the immunization with SRBC, suggesting that the VSV-susceptible suppressor cells were included in these spleen cells and the activity was eliminated by the effect of VSV. Development of two distinct types of suppressor T cells was revealed in the spleen of mice after the priming with SRBC. First, nylon wool nonadherent (NAd) suppressor T cells found in the spleen cells taken 3 days after immunization, and second, nylon wool adherent (Ad) suppressor T cells found in the spleen cells taken approximately 1 wk after immunization. The activity of nylon Ad suppressor T cells was completely abolished by VSV-preinfection, whereas that of nylon NAd suppressor T cells was unaffected. It was also shown that the helper T-cell activity was not influenced by VSV-preinfection. These results provided direct evidence that nylon Ad suppressor T cell but not nylon NAd suppressor T cell nor helper T cell can actually replicate VSV after antigenic stimulation. Thus it was strongly suggested that Tv represents the nylon Ad suppressor T cells.

scholarly journals Regulatory functions of hapten-reactive helper and suppressor T lymphocytes. I. Detection and characterization of hapten-reactive suppressor T-cell activity in mice immunized with hapten-isologous protein conjugate

1977 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Yamamoto ◽  
T Hamaoka ◽  
M Yoshizawa ◽  
M Kuroki ◽  
M Kitagawa
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Helper T Cells ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Suppressor T Cells ◽  
Helper T Cell ◽  
Suppressor T Cell

Helper and suppressor T-cell activities were detected simultaneously in the spleen cells of mice immunized with para-azobenzoate (PAB)-mouse gammaglobulin (MGG). Dinitrophenyl (DNP)-specific B cells were raised by immunization with DNP-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and used as the indicator B-cell population. The helper and suppressor T-cell activities were determined after adoptively transferring spleen cells from PAB-MGG- primed donors and DNP-KLH-primed donors into X-irradiated recipients. Stimulation of these recipients with DNP-MGG-PAB detected helper T-cell activity, which was measured in terms of increased anti-DNP antibody responses of DNP-KLH-primed cells over these responses in the presence of unprimed cells. On the other hand, when DNP-KLH-primed cells were stimulated with DNP-KLH-PAB in the presence of PAB-MGG-primed cells, anti-DNP antibody responses were substantially lower than in unprimed normal cells. This suppressor cell population was (a) hapten-reactive, (b) present in B-cell-depleted spleen cells, (c) Thy-1 positive, (d) detectable earlier than the helper T-cell activities after priming (e) more radiosensitive than helper cells, and (f) found in the spleen but not the lymph nodes in contrast to helper T cells. These data indicate that these suppressor T cells are distinct from the helper T cells. PAB-reactive T cells clearly suppressed the antibody response by inhibiting KLH-reactive helper T-cell functions. The hapten-reactive T-lymphocyte system described here should be useful for analyzing and manipulating the immune response and for studying regulatory interactions of helper and suppressor T cells in the induction of antibody responses.

Debranching enzyme from rabbit skeletal muscle; Evidence for the location of two active centres on a single polypeptide chain

FEBS Letters ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 58 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna J. Bates ◽  
Gillian M. Heaton ◽  
Carol Taylor ◽  
John C. Kernohan ◽  
Philip Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Polypeptide Chain ◽  
Rabbit Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Debranching Enzyme ◽  
Single Polypeptide Chain ◽  
Single Polypeptide ◽  
Active Centres

scholarly journals Hepatic microsomal epoxide hydrase. Chemical evidence for a single polypeptide chain.

1979 ◽  
Vol 254 (14) ◽  
pp. 6240-6243 ◽  
Author(s):  
G C DuBois ◽  
E Appella ◽  
R Armstrong ◽  
W Levin ◽  
A Y Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polypeptide Chain ◽  
Single Polypeptide Chain ◽  
Single Polypeptide ◽  
Chemical Evidence

scholarly journals Regulatory functions of hapten-reactive helper and suppressor T lymphocytes. II. Selective inactivation of hapten-reactive suppressor T cells by hapten-nonimmunogenic copolymers of D-amino acids, and its application to the study of suppressor T-cell effect on helper T-cell development

1977 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Hamaoka ◽  
M Yoshizawa ◽  
H Yamamoto ◽  
M Kuroki ◽  
M Kitagawa
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
T Cell Development ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Helper T Cells ◽  
Suppressor T Cells ◽  
Helper T Cell ◽  
Suppressor T Cell ◽  
Suppressor T Lymphocytes

An experimental condition was established in vivo for selectively eliminating hapten-reactive suppressor T-cell activity generated in mice primed with a para-azobenzoate (PAB)-mouse gamma globulin (MGG)-conjugate and treated with PAB-nonimmunogenic copolymer of D-amino acids (D- glutamic acid and D-lysine; D-GL). The elimination of suppressor T-cell activity with PAB-D-GL treatment from the mixed populations of hapten- reactive suppressor and helper T cells substantially increased apparent helper T-cell activity. Moreover, the inhibition of PAB-reactive suppressor T-cell generation by the pretreatment with PAB-D-GL before the PAB-MGG-priming increased the development of PAB-reactive helper T-cell activity. The analysis of hapten-specificity of helper T cells revealed that the reactivity of helper cells developed in the absence of suppressor T cells was more specific for primed PAB-determinants and their cross-reactivities to structurally related determinants such as meta-azobenzoate (MAB) significantly decreased, as compared with the helper T-cell population developed in the presence of suppressor T lymphocytes. In addition, those helper T cells generated in the absence of suppressor T cells were highly susceptible to tolerogenesis by PAB-D- GL. Similarly, the elimination of suppressor T lymphocytes also enhanced helper T-cell activity in a polyclonal fashion in the T-T cell interactions between benzylpenicilloyl (BPO)-reactive T cells and PAB- reactive T cells after immunization of mice with BPO-MGG-PAB. Thus inhibition of BPO-reactive suppressor T-cell development by the BPO-v-GL- pretreatment resulted in augmented generation of PAB-reactive helper T cells with higher susceptibility of tolerogenesis to PAB-D-GL. Thus, these results support the notion that suppressor T cells eventually suppress helper T-cell activity and indicate that the function of suppressor T cells related to helper T-cell development is to inhibit the increase in the specificity and apparent affinity of helper T cells in the primary immune response. The hapten-reactive suppressor and helper T lymphocytes are considered as a model system of T cells that regulate the immune response, and the potential applicability of this system to manipulating various T cell-mediated immune responses is discussed in this context.

scholarly journals The role of H-2-linked genes in helper T cell function. VII. Expression of I region and immune response genes by B cells in bystander help assays.

1980 ◽  
Vol 152 (5) ◽  
pp. 1274-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Marrack ◽  
J W Kappler
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
High Responder ◽  
Helper T Cells ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Region Gene ◽  
Immunoglobulin Receptor

The mode of action by bystander helper T cells was investigated by priming (responder X nonresponder) (B6A)F1 T cells with poly-L-(Tyr, Glu)-poly-D,L-Ala--poly-L-Lys [(TG)-A--L] and titrating the ability of these cells to stimulate an anti-sheep red blood cell (SRBC) response of parental B cells and macrophages in the presence of (TG)-A--L. Under limiting T cell conditions, and in the presence of (TG)-A--L, (TG)-A--L-responsive T cells were able to drive anti-SRBC responses of high-responder C57BL/10.SgSn (B10) B cells and macrophages (M0), but not of low-responder (B10.A) B cells and M0. Surprisingly, the (TG)-A--L-driven anti-SRBC response of B10.A B cells was not restored by addition of high-responder acessory cells, in the form of (B6A)F1 peritoneal or irradiated T cell-depleted spleen cells, or in the form of B10 nonirradiated T cell-depleted spleen cells. These results suggested that (TG)-A--L-specific Ir genes expressed by B cells controlled the ability of these cells to be induced to respond to SRBC by (TG)-A--L-responding T cells, implying that direct contact between the SRBC-binding B cell precursor and the (TG)-A--L-responsive helper T cells was required. Analogous results were obtained for keyhold limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-driven bystander help using KLH-primed F1 T cells restricted to interact with cells on only one of the parental haplotypes by maturing them in parental bone marrow chimeras. It was hypothesized that bystander help was mediated by nonspecific uptake of antigen [(TG)-A--L or KLH] by SRBC-specific b cells and subsequent display of the antigen on the B cell surface in association with Ir of I-region gene products, in a fashion similar to the M0, where it was then recognized by helper T cells. Such an explanation was supported by the observation that high concentrations of antigen were required to elicit bystander help. This hypothesis raises the possibility of B cell processing of antigen bound to its immunoglobulin receptor and subsequent presentation of antigen to helper T cells.

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