Prophylaxis with Trimethoprim‐Sulfamethoxazole for Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Patients: Impact on Risk for Infectious Diseases

Background: Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies have been considered very specific for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Some studies have shown that these antibodies can be positive in infectious diseases like tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus infection, etc.Methods: Eighty patients of tuberculosis both pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis and thirty patients of human immunodeficiency virus were enrolled in this study from inpatient and outpatient departments from September 2018 to August 2019. Anti-CCP antibody test was done in all the patient by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results: Fifty-three patients were of pulmonary tuberculosis, 27 patients were extra-pulmonary tuberculosis and 30 patients were human immunodeficiency virus infection. Of the 53 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, 21 (39.6%) cases were positive for anti-CCP antibodies and 32 (60.4%) cases were negative for the same. Of the 27 cases of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, 3(11.1%) cases were positive for anti-CCP antibodies and 24 (88.9%) cases were negative. Of the 53 patients of pulmonary tuberculosis, 16 were sputum positive and 37 were sputum negative. Of those withsputum positive 9 (56.2%) cases were positive for anti-CCP antibodies and those with sputum negative, 12 (32.4%) cases were positive for anti-CCP antibodies. Of the 30 cases of human immunodeficiency virus, 5 (16.7%) cases were positive for anti-CCP antibodies and 25 (83.3%) cases were negative.Conclusions: Anti-CCP can be positive in cases of infectious diseases like tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus. Positivity of anti-CCP antibodies for tuberculosis is more for pulmonary (more for sputum-positive than sputum-negative) than extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. Anti-CCP, thus is not very specific for rheumatoid arthritis.

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Significant Publications on Infectious Diseases Pharmacotherapy in 2017

Journal of Pharmacy Practice ◽

10.1177/0897190018792797 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 534-545 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Erik W. Skoglund ◽

Kierra M. Dotson ◽

Casey J. Dempsey ◽

Christy P. Su ◽

Farnaz Foolad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽

Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽

Hiv Aids

Purpose: The most significant peer-reviewed articles pertaining to infectious diseases (ID) pharmacotherapy, as selected by panels of ID pharmacists, are summarized. Summary: Members of the Houston Infectious Diseases Network (HIDN) were asked to nominate peer-reviewed articles that they believed most contributed to the practice of ID pharmacotherapy in 2017, including the areas of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). A list of 33 articles related to general ID pharmacotherapy and 4 articles related to HIV/AIDS was compiled. A survey was distributed to members of the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists (SIDP) for the purpose of selecting 10 articles believed to have made the most significant impact on general ID pharmacotherapy and the single significant publication related to HIV/AIDS. Of 524 SIDP members who responded, 221 (42%) and 95 (18%) members voted for general pharmacotherapy- and HIV/AIDS-related articles, respectively. The highest ranked articles are summarized below. Conclusion: Remaining informed on the most significant ID-related publications is a challenge when considering the large number of ID-related articles published annually. This review of significant publications in 2017 may aid in that effort.

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Mortality among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients with Cirrhosis or Hepatocellular Carcinoma Due to Hepatitis C Virus in French Departments of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases, in 1995 and 1997

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1086/319747 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 32 (8) ◽

pp. 1207-1214 ◽

Cited By ~ 111

Author(s):

P. Cacoub ◽

L. Geffray ◽

E. Rosenthal ◽

C. Perronne ◽

P. Veyssier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Internal Medicine ◽

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus

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The Burden of Infectious Diseases: A Trend Appraisal in Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Trade Blocs

Journal of Scientific Research in Medical and Biological Sciences ◽

10.47631/jsrmbs.v2i3.331 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 104-122

Author(s):

Olufunmilayo Olayemi Jemiluyi ◽

Rebecca Folake Bank-Ola

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Prevalence Rate ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Development Indicators ◽

Trade Blocs ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Two Measures ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Southern Africa Development Community

Purpose: The study aimed at presenting a comparative appraisal of the trends of the two most prevalent infectious diseases bedeviling the region: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB). Subject & Methods: Data on fourteen ECOWAS member countries and also fourteen member countries of the SADC bloc. This represents about 93.3% and 87.5% membership of the ECOWAS and SADC blocs respectively. Although the choice of sample size is determined largely by the availability of data, the choices were carefully made to maximize available observation. The data were sourced from World Development Indicators online database published by the World Bank. We use two measures of infectious diseases: the prevalence rate of human immunodeficiency virus and the incidence of tuberculosis. Results: The HIV prevalence rates and incidence of TB were uneven in the two selected trade blocs. The magnitude and the severity of the diseases varied. The burden of both diseases was higher for SADC and lesser for ECOWAS. The average prevalence rate of HIV in the SADC bloc over the study period was 600% of the prevalence rate in ECOWAS (SADC = 12.5%, ECOWAS = 2.1%). Likewise, in the same period, the average TB incidence per 100,000 people was 578.8 and 181.7 respectively in the SADC and ECOWAS blocs. Conclusions: The study finds that the magnitude and severity of the diseases vary widely between the Economic Community of West Africa States (ECOWAS) and the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) trade blocs. And, while concerted efforts at curbing the diseases have yielded results, there is still much to be done in both blocs.

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The Use of CRISPR/Cas9 as a Tool to Study Human Infectious Viruses

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fcimb.2021.590989 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Huafeng Lin ◽

Gang Li ◽

Xiangwen Peng ◽

Aimin Deng ◽

Lei Ye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Food Industry ◽

Gene Editing ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Clinical Settings ◽

Future Perspectives ◽

Biological Feature ◽

B Virus ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) systems are a set of versatile gene-editing toolkit that perform diverse revolutionary functions in various fields of application such as agricultural practices, food industry, biotechnology, biomedicine, and clinical research. Specially, as a novel antiviral method of choice, CRISPR/Cas9 system has been extensively and effectively exploited to fight against human infectious viruses. Infectious diseases including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), human papillomavirus (HPV), and other viruses are still global threats with persistent potential to probably cause pandemics. To facilitate virus removals, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has already been customized to confer new antiviral capabilities into host animals either by modifying host genome or by directly targeting viral inherent factors in the form of DNA. Although several limitations and difficulties still need to be conquered, this technology holds great promises in the treatment of human viral infectious diseases. In this review, we will first present a brief biological feature of CRISPR/Cas9 systems, which includes a description of CRISPR/Cas9 structure and composition; thereafter, we will focus on the investigations and applications that employ CRISPR/Cas9 system to combat several human infectious viruses and discuss challenges and future perspectives of using this new platform in the preclinical and clinical settings as an antiviral strategy.

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Therapy-related issues: infections

10.1093/med/9780198735823.003.0019 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Philip Wiffen ◽

Marc Mitchell ◽

Melanie Snelling ◽

Nicola Stoner

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Infection Control ◽

Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽

Healthcare Professionals ◽

Antimicrobial Prophylaxis ◽

Extensive Review ◽

Modes Of Action ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Key Aspects

This chapter outlines information relevant to pharmacists and other healthcare professionals related to microbiology and infectious diseases. Basic microbiology is covered including modes of action of antibacterials and the selection and use of antimicrobials. Key aspects of antimicrobial stewardship (including resistance, antimicrobial prophylaxis, and writing guidelines) and of infection control are covered. The chapter includes an extensive review of the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus and a discussion of key principles in the treatment of tuberculosis.

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