Trade‐offs during the Development of Primary and Secondary Sexual Traits in a Horned Beetle

2004 ◽  
Vol 163 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin P. Moczek ◽  
H. Frederik Nijhout
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Sexual Traits ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Horned Beetle ◽  
Sexual Traits ◽  
Secondary Sexual

scholarly journals Evolutionary trade-offs between male secondary sexual traits revealed by a phylogeny of the hyperdiverse tribe Eumaeini (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1950) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy A. Valencia-Montoya ◽  
Tiago B. Quental ◽  
João Filipe R. Tonini ◽  
Gerard Talavera ◽  
James D. Crall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Secondary Sexual Traits ◽  
Secondary Sexual Characteristics ◽  
Sexually Selected Traits ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Sexual Characteristics ◽  
Phylogenetic Framework ◽  
Sexual Traits ◽  
Selected Traits ◽  
Secondary Sexual

Male butterflies in the hyperdiverse tribe Eumaeini possess an unusually complex and diverse repertoire of secondary sexual characteristics involved in pheromone production and dissemination. Maintaining multiple sexually selected traits is likely to be metabolically costly, potentially resulting in trade-offs in the evolution of male signals. However, a phylogenetic framework to test hypotheses regarding the evolution and maintenance of male sexual traits in Eumaeini has been lacking. Here, we infer a comprehensive, time-calibrated phylogeny from 379 loci for 187 species representing 91% of the 87 described genera. Eumaeini is a monophyletic group that originated in the late Oligocene and underwent rapid radiation in the Neotropics. We examined specimens of 818 of the 1096 described species (75%) and found that secondary sexual traits are present in males of 91% of the surveyed species. Scent pads and scent patches on the wings and brush organs associated with the genitalia were probably present in the common ancestor of Eumaeini and are widespread throughout the tribe. Brush organs and scent pads are negatively correlated across the phylogeny, exhibiting a trade-off in which lineages with brush organs are unlikely to regain scent pads and vice versa . In contrast, scent patches seem to facilitate the evolution of scent pads, although they are readily lost once scent pads have evolved. Our results illustrate the complex interplay between natural and sexual selection in the origin and maintenance of multiple male secondary sexual characteristics and highlight the potential role of sexual selection spurring diversification in this lineage.

Male secondary sexual traits do not predict female preference in Caribbean livebearing fishes ( Limia )

Ethology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montrai Spikes ◽  
Sophia Huebler ◽  
Ingo Schlupp
Keyword(s):  
Female Preference ◽  
Secondary Sexual Traits ◽  
Sexual Traits ◽  
Secondary Sexual

Female secondary sexual traits in spiders: Adaptive interpretations of the sternum projection in the pholcid Holocnemus pluchei

Zoology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 125694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Calbacho-Rosa ◽  
Franco Cargnelutti ◽  
Alfredo V. Peretti ◽  
Luiz Ernesto Costa-Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Sexual Traits ◽  
Sexual Traits ◽  
Secondary Sexual

scholarly journals Can roosters′ head ornaments serve as a criterion for their selection as a valuable reproducers?

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 747-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Łukaszewicz ◽  
Paulina Bagińska ◽  
Martyna Lasoń
Keyword(s):  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Secondary Sexual Traits ◽  
Broiler Breeder ◽  
Testes Size ◽  
Sexual Traits ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Secondary Sexual

Abstract It is widely practiced that before mating the roosters are selected as reproducers mainly on the basis of head ornaments appearance. Relationship between males secondary sexual traits (comb and wattles) with testes size, as all of them are testosterone-dependent traits, were examined. Measurements of head ornaments and testes from two broiler breeder lines and two laying lines of chicken were correlated. The value of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of bilateral traits was also measured. Positive correlations were found for head ornaments and testes weight in one of broiler breeder lines. No correlations were found for males of laying lines. The degree of FA did not differ between lines, except for FA of wattle length, which was higher (P≤0.05) for one of the broiler lines. Results obtained indicated that head ornaments cannot be used as the only criterion for rooster selection as reproducers.

scholarly journals Adiposity, compared with masculinity, serves as a more valid cue to immunocompetence in human mate choice

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1751) ◽  
pp. 20122495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus J. Rantala ◽  
Vinet Coetzee ◽  
Fhionna R. Moore ◽  
Ilona Skrinda ◽  
Sanita Kecko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Female Mate Choice ◽  
Good Genes ◽  
Secondary Sexual Traits ◽  
Genetic Quality ◽  
Secondary Sexual Trait ◽  
Sexual Traits ◽  
Handicap Hypothesis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Secondary Sexual

According to the ‘good genes’ hypothesis, females choose males based on traits that indicate the male's genetic quality in terms of disease resistance. The ‘immunocompetence handicap hypothesis’ proposed that secondary sexual traits serve as indicators of male genetic quality, because they indicate that males can contend with the immunosuppressive effects of testosterone. Masculinity is commonly assumed to serve as such a secondary sexual trait. Yet, women do not consistently prefer masculine looking men, nor is masculinity consistently related to health across studies. Here, we show that adiposity, but not masculinity, significantly mediates the relationship between a direct measure of immune response (hepatitis B antibody response) and attractiveness for both body and facial measurements. In addition, we show that circulating testosterone is more closely associated with adiposity than masculinity. These findings indicate that adiposity, compared with masculinity, serves as a more important cue to immunocompetence in female mate choice.

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