Income Inequality and Income Segregation

2011 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 1092-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean F. Reardon ◽  
Kendra Bischoff
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Segregation

scholarly journals Spatial income inequality in Toronto: a longitudinal study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candace Safonovs
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Spatial Inequality ◽  
Income Segregation ◽  
Inequality Measures ◽  
Housing Characteristics ◽  
Fixed Effects Panel Regression ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Housing Regulation

This paper examines the trends and changes in both spatial and non-spatial income inequality in the Toronto CMA between 1985 and 2015 at various geographic scales, including both within and between neighbourhoods. Fixed effects panel regression models are used to uncover which local demographic and housing characteristics are most significant in explaining changes in inequality within neighbourhoods over time. Findings indicate that macro-scale income segregation among neighbourhoods has declined, while micro-scale intra-neighbourhood income segregation has increased since 1985. Further, compared to overall changes in income inequality in the region, neighbourhoods have become more homogenous in terms of their household income distribution. Thus, neighbourhood sorting by households based on income has increased since 1985. Consistent with extant literature, local housing characteristics have spillover effects on income segregation. Specifically, variables associated with greater housing affluence are negatively correlated with intra-neighbourhood inequality measures, and thus positively correlated with income homogenization. This confirms and adds to the literature that local land use regulations impact income spatial inequality. KEYWORDS Spatial Income Inequality; Segregation; Neighbourhoods; Toronto CMA; Fixed Effects Models; Quantitative Analysis; GIS; Housing Regulation

Linking urban sprawl and income segregation – Findings from a stylized agent-based model

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-489
Author(s):  
Cheng Guo ◽  
Carsten M Buchmann ◽  
Nina Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Agent Based Model ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Income Segregation ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Positive Correlations

Urban sprawl and income segregation are two undesired urban patterns that occur during urban development. Empirical studies show that income level and inequality are positively correlated with urban sprawl and income segregation, respectively. However, the relationship between urban sprawl and income segregation is not only rarely investigated but also shows ambiguous empirical results when it is. Therefore, in this study, we built a stylized agent-based model with individual behaviours based on Alonso’s bid rent theory and ran simulations with different combinations of income level and income inequality. We measured the overall emergent patterns with indicators for urban sprawl and income segregation. The model confirms the established positive correlations between income level and urban sprawl and between income inequality and segregation. Furthermore, the model shows a negative correlation between urban sprawl and income segregation under free market conditions. The model indicates that without any policy implementation, a city will either suffer from urban sprawl or income segregation. Thus, this study serves as a starting point to study the effects of different urban planning policies on these two urban problems.

Income Inequality and Income Segregation

2018 ◽  
pp. 426-435
Author(s):  
Sean F. Reardon ◽  
Kendra Bischoff
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Segregation

scholarly journals Spatial income inequality in Toronto: a longitudinal study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candace Safonovs
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Spatial Inequality ◽  
Income Segregation ◽  
Inequality Measures ◽  
Housing Characteristics ◽  
Fixed Effects Panel Regression ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Housing Regulation

This paper examines the trends and changes in both spatial and non-spatial income inequality in the Toronto CMA between 1985 and 2015 at various geographic scales, including both within and between neighbourhoods. Fixed effects panel regression models are used to uncover which local demographic and housing characteristics are most significant in explaining changes in inequality within neighbourhoods over time. Findings indicate that macro-scale income segregation among neighbourhoods has declined, while micro-scale intra-neighbourhood income segregation has increased since 1985. Further, compared to overall changes in income inequality in the region, neighbourhoods have become more homogenous in terms of their household income distribution. Thus, neighbourhood sorting by households based on income has increased since 1985. Consistent with extant literature, local housing characteristics have spillover effects on income segregation. Specifically, variables associated with greater housing affluence are negatively correlated with intra-neighbourhood inequality measures, and thus positively correlated with income homogenization. This confirms and adds to the literature that local land use regulations impact income spatial inequality. KEYWORDS Spatial Income Inequality; Segregation; Neighbourhoods; Toronto CMA; Fixed Effects Models; Quantitative Analysis; GIS; Housing Regulation

Credit Market Depth and Income Inequality in Vietnam: A Panel-Data Analysis

2016 ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
Hoi Le Quoc ◽  
Hoi Chu Minh
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Inflection Point ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Credit Market ◽  
Method Of Moment ◽  
Market Depth ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moment

Financial development could exert various effects on income distribution of a country. By employing Generalized Method of Moment, this paper aims at examining the impacts of credit market depth, one of most used financial development barometers, on income inequality in Vietnam. The empirical findings show that expanding credit market in the country could lead to higher income inequality. We have not found evidence that supports the hypothesis of an inverted U-shaped relation ever introduced by Greenwood and Jovanovich, although this hypothesis may still hold in a sense that Vietnam has not reached to the inflection point to generate such a curve alike.

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