scholarly journals GALACTIC COSMIC-RAY ENERGY SPECTRA AND COMPOSITION DURING THE 2009-2010 SOLAR MINIMUM PERIOD

2013 ◽  
Vol 770 (2) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Lave ◽  
M. E. Wiedenbeck ◽  
W. R. Binns ◽  
E. R. Christian ◽  
A. C. Cummings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Minimum ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Energy Spectra ◽  
Minimum Period ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Ray

Energy spectra of carbon and oxygen - Predictions from HELIOS E6 for Solar Orbiter HET

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Marquardt ◽  
Bernd Heber ◽  
Robert Elftmann ◽  
Robert Wimmer-Schweingruber
Keyword(s):  
Energetic Particle ◽  
Solar Minimum ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Spectra ◽  
Particle Detector ◽  
Quiet Time ◽  
Transport Models ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Ray ◽  
Insight Into

<p>Anomalous cosmic rays (ACRs) are well-suited to probe the transport conditions of energetic particles in the innermost heliosphere. We revisit the HELIOS Experiment 6 (E6) data in view of the upcoming Solar Orbiter Energetic Particle Detector (EPD) suite that will perform measurements during a comparable solar minimum within the same distance.</p><p>Adapting the HELIOS energy ranges for oxygen and carbon to the ones given by the High Energy Telescope (HET) allows us to determine predictions for the upcoming measurements but also to put constraints on particle transport models that provide new insight into the boundary conditions close to the Sun.</p><p>We present here the adapted energy spectra of galactic cosmic ray (GCR) carbon and oxygen, as well as of ACR oxygen during solar quiet time periods between 1975 to 1977. Due to the higher energy threshold of HET in comparison to E6 gradients of about 20% at 15 MeV/nucleon are expected. The largest ACR gradient measured by E6 was obtained to be about 75% between 9 and 13 MeV/nucleon and 0.4 AU and 1 AU.</p>

scholarly journals Galactic cosmic-ray energy spectra and expected solar events at the time of future space missions

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 094005 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Grimani ◽  
H M Araújo ◽  
M Fabi ◽  
A Lobo ◽  
I Mateos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Space Missions ◽  
Energy Spectra ◽  
Future Space ◽  
Solar Events ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Ray

Characteristics of Galactic Cosmic Ray in LEO/NEqO Orbit During a Solar Minimum

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayan Suparta ◽  
Siti Katrina Zulkeple
Keyword(s):  
Solar Minimum ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Ray

Studies of the cosmic ray radial and latitudinal intensity gradients over the cycle 22 solar minimum period

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.B McDonald ◽  
Z Fujii ◽  
P Ferrando ◽  
B Heber ◽  
A Raviart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Minimum ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Minimum Period

scholarly journals MODULATION OF GALACTIC COSMIC RAY PROTONS AND ELECTRONS DURING AN UNUSUAL SOLAR MINIMUM

2009 ◽  
Vol 699 (2) ◽  
pp. 1956-1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Heber ◽  
A. Kopp ◽  
J. Gieseler ◽  
R. Müller-Mellin ◽  
H. Fichtner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Minimum ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Ray

scholarly journals Galactic cosmic ray radiation hazard in the unusual extended solar minimum between solar cycles 23 and 24

Space Weather ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Schwadron ◽  
A. J. Boyd ◽  
K. Kozarev ◽  
M. Golightly ◽  
H. Spence ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Minimum ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Ray

Low-energy cosmic-ray heavy nuclei during the time of solar minimum

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S598-S600
Author(s):  
E. Tamai ◽  
M. Tsubomatsu ◽  
K. Ogura
Keyword(s):  
Energy Range ◽  
Solar Minimum ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Energy Spectra ◽  
Solar Modulation ◽  
Atmospheric Depth ◽  
Heavy Nuclei ◽  
Multiply Charged ◽  
Α Particles

Nuclear emulsions were exposed at 2.3 g cm−2 atmospheric depth over Fort Churchill in 1965. These emulsions have been examined for the tracks of multiply-charged [Formula: see text] nuclei, with emphasis being paid particularly to those particles that stopped in the emulsions. Differential energy spectra of α particles and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]and [Formula: see text] nuclei were obtained in the energy interval 60–550 MeV/nucleon. They represent experimental results during the period when solar modulation effects were at a minimum. The fluxes of α particles and L, M, and H nuclei for energy intervals of 60–170, 100–400, 100–525, and 140–550 MeV/nucleon were found to be 20.9 ± 1.2, 2.4 ± 0.4, 4.8 ± 0.6, and 2.5 ± 0.4 particles m−2 sr−1 s−1, respectively. The results also show that the L/M and H/M ratios at the top of the atmosphere were 0.56 ± 0.16 and 0.34 ± 0.13 respectively, in the energy range from 140 to 350 MeV/nucleon. These values are appreciably greater than those observed at higher energies.

scholarly journals Energy spectra of carbon and oxygen with HELIOS E6

2018 ◽  
Vol 610 ◽  
pp. A42 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Marquardt ◽  
B. Heber ◽  
M. S. Potgieter ◽  
R. D. Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Energy Spectra ◽  
Quiet Time ◽  
Transport Models ◽  
Radial Gradient ◽  
The One ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Ray ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Inner Heliosphere

Context. Anomalous cosmic rays (ACRs) are well-suited to probe the transport conditions of cosmic rays in the inner heliosphere. We revisit the HELIOS data not only in view of the upcoming Solar Orbiter experiment but also to put constraints on particle transport models in order to provide new insight into the boundary conditions close to the Sun. Aims. We present here the energy spectra of galactic cosmic ray (GCR) carbon and oxygen, as well as of ACR oxygen during solar quiet time periods between 1975 to 1977, utilizing both HELIOS spacecraft at distances between ~0.3 and 1 AU. The radial gradient (Gr ≈ 50%/AU) of 9–28.5 MeV ACR oxygen in the inner heliosphere is about three times larger than the one determined between 1 and 10 AU by utilizing the Pioneer 10 measurements. Methods. The chemical composition as well as the energy spectra have been derived by applying the dE∕dx − E-method. In order to derive these values, special characteristics of the instrument have been taken into account. Results. A good agreement of the GCR energy spectra of carbon and oxygen measured by the HELIOS E6 instrument between 0.3 and 1 AU and the Interplanetary Monitoring Platform (IMP) 8 at 1 AU was found. For ACR oxygen, we determined a radial gradient of about 50%/AU that is three times larger than the one between 7 and 14 AU, indicating a strong change in the inner heliosphere.

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