scholarly journals Energy spectra of carbon and oxygen with HELIOS E6

2018 ◽  
Vol 610 ◽  
pp. A42 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Marquardt ◽  
B. Heber ◽  
M. S. Potgieter ◽  
R. D. Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Energy Spectra ◽  
Quiet Time ◽  
Transport Models ◽  
Radial Gradient ◽  
The One ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Ray ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Inner Heliosphere

Context. Anomalous cosmic rays (ACRs) are well-suited to probe the transport conditions of cosmic rays in the inner heliosphere. We revisit the HELIOS data not only in view of the upcoming Solar Orbiter experiment but also to put constraints on particle transport models in order to provide new insight into the boundary conditions close to the Sun. Aims. We present here the energy spectra of galactic cosmic ray (GCR) carbon and oxygen, as well as of ACR oxygen during solar quiet time periods between 1975 to 1977, utilizing both HELIOS spacecraft at distances between ~0.3 and 1 AU. The radial gradient (Gr ≈ 50%/AU) of 9–28.5 MeV ACR oxygen in the inner heliosphere is about three times larger than the one determined between 1 and 10 AU by utilizing the Pioneer 10 measurements. Methods. The chemical composition as well as the energy spectra have been derived by applying the dE∕dx − E-method. In order to derive these values, special characteristics of the instrument have been taken into account. Results. A good agreement of the GCR energy spectra of carbon and oxygen measured by the HELIOS E6 instrument between 0.3 and 1 AU and the Interplanetary Monitoring Platform (IMP) 8 at 1 AU was found. For ACR oxygen, we determined a radial gradient of about 50%/AU that is three times larger than the one between 7 and 14 AU, indicating a strong change in the inner heliosphere.

Energy spectra of carbon and oxygen - Predictions from HELIOS E6 for Solar Orbiter HET

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Marquardt ◽  
Bernd Heber ◽  
Robert Elftmann ◽  
Robert Wimmer-Schweingruber
Keyword(s):  
Energetic Particle ◽  
Solar Minimum ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Spectra ◽  
Particle Detector ◽  
Quiet Time ◽  
Transport Models ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Ray ◽  
Insight Into

<p>Anomalous cosmic rays (ACRs) are well-suited to probe the transport conditions of energetic particles in the innermost heliosphere. We revisit the HELIOS Experiment 6 (E6) data in view of the upcoming Solar Orbiter Energetic Particle Detector (EPD) suite that will perform measurements during a comparable solar minimum within the same distance.</p><p>Adapting the HELIOS energy ranges for oxygen and carbon to the ones given by the High Energy Telescope (HET) allows us to determine predictions for the upcoming measurements but also to put constraints on particle transport models that provide new insight into the boundary conditions close to the Sun.</p><p>We present here the adapted energy spectra of galactic cosmic ray (GCR) carbon and oxygen, as well as of ACR oxygen during solar quiet time periods between 1975 to 1977. Due to the higher energy threshold of HET in comparison to E6 gradients of about 20% at 15 MeV/nucleon are expected. The largest ACR gradient measured by E6 was obtained to be about 75% between 9 and 13 MeV/nucleon and 0.4 AU and 1 AU.</p>

scholarly journals Particle Acceleration by Supernova Shocks and Spallogenic Nucleosynthesis of Light Elements

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 377-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Tatischeff ◽  
Stefano Gabici
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Light Element ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Nuclear Interaction ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Light Elements ◽  
Halo Stars ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Low Metallicity ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Ray

In this review, we first reassess the supernova remnant paradigm for the origin of Galactic cosmic rays in the light of recent cosmic-ray data acquired by the Voyager 1 spacecraft. We then describe the theory of light-element nucleosynthesis by nuclear interaction of cosmic rays with the interstellar medium and outline the problem of explaining the measured beryllium abundances in old halo stars of low metallicity with the standard model of the Galactic cosmic-ray origin. We then discuss the various cosmic-ray models proposed in the literature to account for the measured evolution of the light elements in the Milky Way, and point out the difficulties that they all encounter. It seems to us that, among all possibilities, the superbubble model provides the most satisfactory explanation for these observations.

scholarly journals Ulysses COSPIN observations of cosmic rays and solar energetic particles from the South Pole to the North Pole of the Sun during solar maximum

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1217-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. McKibben ◽  
J. J. Connell ◽  
C. Lopate ◽  
M. Zhang ◽  
J. D. Anglin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Solar Maximum ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Energetic Particles ◽  
Solar Energetic Particles ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Inner Heliosphere

Abstract. In 2000–2001 Ulysses passed from the south to the north polar regions of the Sun in the inner heliosphere, providing a snapshot of the latitudinal structure of cosmic ray modulation and solar energetic particle populations during a period near solar maximum.  Observations from the COSPIN suite of energetic charged particle telescopes show that latitude variations in the cosmic ray intensity in the inner heliosphere are nearly non-existent near solar maximum, whereas small but clear latitude gradients were observed during the similar phase of Ulysses’ orbit near the 1994–95 solar minimum. At proton energies above ~10 MeV and extending up to >70 MeV, the intensities are often dominated by Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) accelerated near the Sun in association with intense solar flares and large Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). At lower energies the particle intensities are almost constantly enhanced above background, most likely as a result of a mix of SEPs and particles accelerated by interplanetary shocks. Simultaneous high-latitude Ulysses and near-Earth observations show that most events that produce large flux increases near Earth also produce flux increases at Ulysses, even at the highest latitudes attained. Particle anisotropies during particle onsets at Ulysses are typically directed outwards from the Sun, suggesting either acceleration extending to high latitudes or efficient cross-field propagation somewhere inside the orbit of Ulysses. Both cosmic ray and SEP observations are consistent with highly efficient transport of energetic charged particles between the equatorial and polar regions and across the mean interplanetary magnetic fields in the inner heliosphere.Key words. Interplanetary physics (cosmic rays) – Solar physics, astrophysics and astronomy (energetic particles; flares and mass ejections)

Are Anomalous Cosmic Rays the Main Contribution to the Low-Energy Galactic Cosmic Ray Spectrum?

2008 ◽  
Vol 680 (2) ◽  
pp. L105-L108 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Scherer ◽  
H. Fichtner ◽  
S. E. S. Ferreira ◽  
I. Büsching ◽  
M. S. Potgieter
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Anomalous Cosmic Rays ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Ray

scholarly journals Galactic cosmic-ray energy spectra and expected solar events at the time of future space missions

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 094005 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Grimani ◽  
H M Araújo ◽  
M Fabi ◽  
A Lobo ◽  
I Mateos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Space Missions ◽  
Energy Spectra ◽  
Future Space ◽  
Solar Events ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Ray

The effects of the nature of matter traversed by cosmic rays on their composition and energy spectrum

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S512-S514
Author(s):  
M. V. K. Apparao ◽  
S. Ramadurai
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Neutral Hydrogen ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
The State ◽  
Energy Spectra ◽  
Ionization Loss ◽  
Usual Assumption ◽  
Considerable Portion ◽  
Nature Of Matter

The effects of the state of ionization of the matter traversed by cosmic rays, and those due to the presence of helium in it, have been studied. The amount of matter traversed by cosmic rays expressed in g/cm2 deduced by the usual assumption that the matter traversed is all neutral hydrogen can be erroneous. The presence of helium increases this value, and a considerable portion of the matter is helium. The ionized (partial) nature of the matter increases the ionization loss of cosmic-ray nuclei. The effect of this on energy spectra has been demonstrated.

scholarly journals The influence of galactic cosmic rays on ion–neutral hydrocarbon chemistry in the upper atmospheres of free-floating exoplanets

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. Rimmer ◽  
Ch. Helling ◽  
C. Bilger
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Extrasolar Planets ◽  
Prebiotic Chemistry ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Free Electrons ◽  
Transport Models ◽  
Degree Of Ionization ◽  
Hydrocarbon Chemistry

AbstractCosmic rays may be linked to the formation of volatiles necessary for prebiotic chemistry. We explore the effect of cosmic rays in a hydrogen-dominated atmosphere, as a proof-of-concept that ion–neutral chemistry may be important for modelling hydrogen-dominated atmospheres. In order to accomplish this, we utilize Monte Carlo cosmic ray transport models with particle energies of 106 eV<E<1012 eV in order to investigate the cosmic-ray enhancement of free electrons in substellar atmospheres. Ion–neutral chemistry is then applied to a Drift–Phoenix model of a free-floating giant gas planet. Our results suggest that the activation of ion–neutral chemistry in the upper atmosphere significantly enhances formation rates for various species, and we find that C2H2, C2H4, NH3, C6H6 and possibly C10H are enhanced in the upper atmospheres because of cosmic rays. Our results suggest a potential connection between cosmic-ray chemistry and the hazes observed in the upper atmospheres of various extrasolar planets. Chemi-ionization reactions are briefly discussed, as they may enhance the degree of ionization in the cloud layer.

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