Spectral Characteristics of Mechanically Induced Long-Period Fibre Gratings by New Double-Layer Grating Templates

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1951-1954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Xin-Wei ◽  
Zhang Zhen-Yu ◽  
Zhuang Huai-Xuan ◽  
Sheng Qiu-Qin
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Bruland ◽  
Sarah Mader ◽  
Céline Hadziioannou

<p>In the 1960's a peak in the seismic amplitude spectra around 26 s was discovered and detected on stations worldwide. The source was located in the Gulf of Guinea, with approximate coordinates (0,0), and was believed to be generated continuously. A source with similar spectral characteristics was discovered near the Vanuatu Islands, at nearly the antipodal location of the Gulf of Guinea source. Since it was located close to the volcanoes in Vanuatu, this source is commonly attributed to magmatic processes. The physical cause of the 26 s microseism, however, remains unclear.</p><p>We investigate the source location and evolution of the 26 s microseim using data from permanent broadband stations in Germany, France and Algeria and temporary arrays in Morocco, Cameroon and Botswana for spectral analysis and 3-C beamforming to get closer to resolving the source mechanism responsible for this enigmatic signal. We find that the signal modulates over time and is not always detectable, but occasionally it becomes so energetic it can be observed on stations worldwide. Such a burst can last for hours or days. The signal is visible on stations globally approximately 30 percent of the time. Our beamforming analysis confirms that the source is located in the Gulf of Guinea, as shown in previous studies, and that the location is temporally stable. Whenever the signal is detectable, both Love and Rayleigh waves are generated. We discover a spectral glide effect associated with the bursts, that so far has not been reported in the literature. </p><p>The spectral glides last for about two days and are observed on stations globally. Although at higher frequencies, very long period tremors and gliding tremors are also observed on volcanoes as Redoubt in Alaska and Arenal in Costa Rica, suggesting that the origin of the 26 s tremor is also volcanic. However, there is no reported volcanic activity in the area where the source appears to be located.</p><p> </p>


Optik ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 125 (17) ◽  
pp. 4689-4693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jilong Bao ◽  
Peihong Cheng ◽  
Hongxia Zhao ◽  
Jinxia Wang ◽  
Ligang Wu

1998 ◽  
Vol 34 (14) ◽  
pp. 1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.D. Davis ◽  
T.K. Gaylord ◽  
E.N. Glytsis ◽  
S.C. Mettler

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1967
Author(s):  
Eugene Bukhanov ◽  
Alexandr V. Shabanov ◽  
Mikhail N. Volochaev ◽  
Svetlana A. Pyatina

The features of light propagation in plant leaves depend on the long-period ordering in chloroplasts and the spectral characteristics of pigments. This work demonstrates a method of determining the hidden ordered structure. Transmission spectra have been determined using transfer matrix method. A band gap was found in the visible spectral range. The effective refractive index and dispersion in the absorption spectrum area of chlorophyll were taken into account to show that the density of photon states increases, while the spectrum shifts towards the wavelength range of effective photosynthesis.


Author(s):  
Kentaroh Yoshida ◽  
Takashi Yamada

It has been a well known fact that BI and Mn are, by melting, immiscible with each other and only a ferromagnetic phase, MnBi, forms by a peritectic reaction at 446°C between solid Mn and the melt. However, the authors succeeded in mixing these two atomic elements by simultaneous vacuum deposition and found that a new metastable phase, Mn3Bi, appears as a crystallization product of the as-deposited amorphous films at 180°C, when their composition is in a range 85 to 65 at% Mn. They derived its atomic arrangement only by means of high resolution electron microscopy. In the present investigation, double layer thin films, consisting of Bi layer (300 Å) and of Mn layer (200°Å), were prepared by successive deposition and were heated at 265°C, just below the melting point of Bi (271°C), for 150 to 200 hr. By this heat treatment, solid-state alloying reaction takes place at the interface between the two layers and as many as four kinds of new alloy phases were found to appear.


2012 ◽  
Vol 256-259 ◽  
pp. 2047-2050
Author(s):  
Bo Song ◽  
Hong Yu Shi ◽  
Li Dong Zhao ◽  
Jian Yun Yu

Based on the large geometric deformation and nonlinear of material theories, the seismic responses of a double-layer spherical lattice shells structure were studied. The results show that under multi-dimensional earthquake, the maximum displacement and axial stress, as well as plastic ratio of the structure will be obviously increased than those corresponding to the responses under single-dimensional earthquake. When long-period seismic wave was taken as the input wave, the responses of the structure were the maximum.


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