Absorption of Beta Particles in Liquids

1957 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 902-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Abid Husain ◽  
A K Hilmi
Keyword(s):  
Beta Particles

Nuclear Electrons and Nuclear Structure

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger H. Stuewer
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Structure ◽  
Beta Decay ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Alpha Particle ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
Light Nuclei ◽  
Coincidence Method ◽  
Wolfgang Pauli ◽  
Beta Particles

Serious contradictions to the existence of electrons in nuclei impinged in one way or another on the theory of beta decay and became acute when Charles Ellis and William Wooster proved, in an experimental tour de force in 1927, that beta particles are emitted from a radioactive nucleus with a continuous distribution of energies. Bohr concluded that energy is not conserved in the nucleus, an idea that Wolfgang Pauli vigorously opposed. Another puzzle arose in alpha-particle experiments. Walther Bothe and his co-workers used his coincidence method in 1928–30 and concluded that energetic gamma rays are produced when polonium alpha particles bombard beryllium and other light nuclei. That stimulated Frédéric Joliot and Irène Curie to carry out related experiments. These experimental results were thoroughly discussed at a conference that Enrico Fermi organized in Rome in October 1931, whose proceedings included the first publication of Pauli’s neutrino hypothesis.

scholarly journals Absorption of Tritium Beta Particles in Hydrogen and Other Gases

1954 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon M. Dorfman
Keyword(s):  
Beta Particles

Macro- to Atomic-Scale Tailoring of Si3N4 Ceramics to Enhance Properties

2005 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
pp. 233-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul F. Becher ◽  
Gayle S. Painter ◽  
Naoya Shibata ◽  
Hua Tay Lin ◽  
Mattison K. Ferber
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Device ◽  
Atomic Level ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Fracture Properties ◽  
Beta Particles ◽  
Preferential Segregation ◽  
Nitride Ceramics ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
The Matrix

Silicon nitride ceramics are finding uses in numerous engineering applications because of their tendency to form whisker-like microstructures that can overcome the inherent brittle nature of ceramics. Studies now establish the underlying microscopic and atomic-scale principles for engineering a tough, strong ceramic. The theoretical predictions are confirmed by macroscopic observations and atomic level characterization of preferential segregation at the interfaces between the grains and the continuous nanometer thick amorphous intergranular film (IGF). Two interrelated factors must be controlled for this to occur including the generation of the elongated reinforcing grains during sintering and debonding of the interfaces between the reinforcing grains and the matrix. The reinforcing grains can be controlled by (1) seeding with beta particles and (2) the chemistry of the additives, which also can influence the interfacial debonding conditions. In addition to modifying the morphology of the reinforcing grains, it now appears that the combination of preferential segregation and strong bonding of the additives (e.g., the rare earths, RE) to the prism planes can also result in sufficiently weakens the bond of the interface with the IGF to promote debonding. Thus atomic-scale engineering may allow us to gain further enhancements in fracture properties. This new knowledge will enable true atomic-level engineering to be joined with microscale tailoring to develop the advanced ceramics that will be required for more efficient engines, new electronic device architectures and composites.

scholarly journals Radioecological Monitoring of Adjacent Territories to the Former Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site, East Kazakhstan

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.36) ◽  
pp. 323
Author(s):  
Sergazy Duyssembaev ◽  
Ainur Serikova ◽  
Shyngys Suleimenov ◽  
Nurgul Ikimbayeva ◽  
Assel Zhexenayeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Nuclear Test ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Beta Particles ◽  
Radiometric Measurements ◽  
Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site ◽  
Radioecological Monitoring ◽  
East Kazakhstan ◽  
Permissible Levels

This paper presents the results of complex radioecological monitoring of the territories, which are situated near the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site, East Kazakhstan region.  The radiometric measurements showed that the concentration of radon and beta particles are below the permissible levels. EROA values of a radon in rooms fluctuates from 44 Bq/m3 to 195 Bq/ m3. The measured values of fluency of betta-particles in all the studied points are less than 10 freq/ min*cm2. A specific activity of radionuclides, such as Am-241, Cs-137 and  Pu – 239/240  in soils, plant, water, meat and milk were evaluated.   

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