Micronucleus Induction in Human Lymphocytes: Comparative Effects of X Rays, Alpha Particles, Beta Particles and Neutrons and Implications for Biological Dosimetry

Radiation is a form of energy. It is of two types: non-ionizing and ionizing. Among them, ionizing radiations have hazardous health effects upon human beings. Different types of cancers may arise from the overexposure to ionizing radiations like alpha- particles, beta-particles, gamma- rays, x-rays etc. Further, ionizing radiations have very important utilities in case of paper handling and use. Radiations can be used for various beneficial purposes like medical imaging, radiation therapy, improvement of quality of agriculture, industry etc. The overall radiation from various sources on a specific location on earth's surface refers to the background radiation level of that zone. Exposure to background radiation is an inescapable feature of the environment. A portable GM counter was used to quantify the total radiation level at different places. The finding of this shows a variation of radiation level. Comparatively large values of radiation counts at high altitude and low values at river side. There is no any abnormal value of radiation counts for all sample places. So, there is, generally, no significant risk of public exposure to the background radiation for sample places.The Himalayan Physics Vol. 6 & 7, 2017 (119-122)

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The relative biological effectiveness of high-energy clinical 3 and 6 MV X-rays for micronucleus induction in human lymphocytes

International Journal of Radiation Biology ◽

10.1080/09553002.2021.1906972 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

G. Tamizh Selvan ◽

Karthik Kanagaraj ◽

Perumal Venkatachalam

Keyword(s):

Relative Biological Effectiveness ◽

Human Lymphocytes ◽

High Energy ◽

X Rays ◽

Micronucleus Induction ◽

Biological Effectiveness

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STUDY OF GAMMA RADIATION FROM BUILDING MATERIALS

Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management ◽

10.3846/16486897.2005.9636869 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 182-186

Author(s):

Petras Vaitiekūnas ◽

Daiva Lukošiūte

Keyword(s):

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Gamma Rays ◽

Building Materials ◽

Health Effect ◽

Alpha Particles ◽

Building Structures ◽

X Rays ◽

Radioactive Materials ◽

Beta Particles ◽

A Charge

People are constantly exposed to ionizing radiation, but generally the amount, type and duration of exposure to radionuclides (radiation emitters) affects the severity or type of health effect. Nearly all rocks, minerals and soil may contain small amounts of naturally occuring radioactive materials, and when they are incorporated into building materials, these naturally occurring radioactive materials are included as well. Ionization is a process in which a charge portion of a molecule is given enough energy to break away atoms. There are three main kinds of ionizing radiation: alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays and x‐rays, with gamma and x‐rays having a higher amount of energy. Since gamma rays have a higher amount of energy, they have potential to cause a greater damage on the outside or inside of a human body. A model based on data gathered from different types of structures will try to show that the amount of ionizing radiation, especially gamma rays, that affect residents in various parts of buildings, is directly related to the properties of radionuclides present in building structures.

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Radiation And Its Effect To The Environment

SAMRIDDHI A Journal of Physical Sciences Engineering and Technology ◽

10.18090/samriddhi.v7i1.4468 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sandeep Vishwakarma ◽

Aradhana Singh Chauhan ◽

Deepak Singh

Keyword(s):

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Gamma Rays ◽

Modern Technology ◽

Alpha Particles ◽

X Rays ◽

Public Attention ◽

Health Concerns ◽

Beta Particles ◽

Positive Ions ◽

Harmful Effects

Many forms of "radiation" are encountered in the natural environment and are produced by modern technology. Most of them can give both beneficial and harmful effects. Even sunlight, the most essential radiation of all, can be harmful in large amounts. Most public attention is given to the category of radiation known as "ionizing radiation." This radiation can disrupt atoms, creating positive ions and negative electrons, and cause biological harm. Ionizing radiation includes x-rays, gamma rays, alpha particles, beta particles, neutrons, and the varieties of cosmic rays. Exposure to radiation can cause damage to cells, eventually leading to cancer or other health concerns and also it effects our environment.

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Nuclear Electrons and Nuclear Structure

10.1093/oso/9780198827870.003.0006 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Roger H. Stuewer

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Structure ◽

Beta Decay ◽

Gamma Rays ◽

Alpha Particle ◽

Continuous Distribution ◽

Alpha Particles ◽

Light Nuclei ◽

Coincidence Method ◽

Wolfgang Pauli ◽

Beta Particles

Serious contradictions to the existence of electrons in nuclei impinged in one way or another on the theory of beta decay and became acute when Charles Ellis and William Wooster proved, in an experimental tour de force in 1927, that beta particles are emitted from a radioactive nucleus with a continuous distribution of energies. Bohr concluded that energy is not conserved in the nucleus, an idea that Wolfgang Pauli vigorously opposed. Another puzzle arose in alpha-particle experiments. Walther Bothe and his co-workers used his coincidence method in 1928–30 and concluded that energetic gamma rays are produced when polonium alpha particles bombard beryllium and other light nuclei. That stimulated Frédéric Joliot and Irène Curie to carry out related experiments. These experimental results were thoroughly discussed at a conference that Enrico Fermi organized in Rome in October 1931, whose proceedings included the first publication of Pauli’s neutrino hypothesis.

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