Soliton generation and drift wave turbulence spreading via geodesic acoustic mode excitation

The two-field equations governing fully nonlinear dynamics of the drift wave (DW) and geodesic acoustic mode (GAM) interaction in toroidal geometry are derived in the nonlinear gyrokinetic framework. Two stages with distinctive features are identified and analyzed by both analytical and numerical approaches. In the linear growth stage, the derived set of nonlinear equations can be reduced to the intensively studied parametric decay instability (PDI), accounting for the spontaneous resonant excitation of GAM by DW. The main results of previous works on spontaneous GAM excitation, e.g., the much enhanced GAM group velocity and the nonlinear growth rate of GAM, are reproduced from the numerical solution of the two-field equations. In the fully nonlinear stage, soliton structures are observed to form due to the balancing of the self-trapping effect by the spontaneously excited GAM and kinetic dispersiveness of DW. The soliton structures enhance turbulence spreading from DW linearly unstable to stable region, exhibiting convective propagation instead of typical linear dispersive process, and is thus, expected to induce core-edge interaction and nonlocal transport.