Fluctuations in produced charged particle multiplicities in relativistic nuclear collisions for simulated events

The behavior of the relativistic charged particle multiplicities and the pseudorapidity distributions for 4.5A and 14.5A GeV /c28 Si -nucleus interactions are investigated in terms of the number of emitted relativistic hadrons in the backward hemisphere, [Formula: see text] (relativistic charged particles emitted with space angle θs such that θs lies in the interval 90°≤θs≤270°). The η distribution of relativistic charged particles for the interactions with [Formula: see text] are found to be quite nicely fitted by a single Gaussian distribution (GD), while it is fitted by two distinct GD's when the interactions are not accompanied by backward relativistic hadrons. This, in turn, suggests that in the production of events having [Formula: see text] probably two different mechanisms operate.

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Pion production and charged-particle multiplicity selection in relativistic nuclear collisions

Physical Review C ◽

10.1103/physrevc.26.2572 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 2572-2594 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

K. L. Wolf ◽

H. H. Gutbrod ◽

W. G. Meyer ◽

A. M. Poskanzer ◽

A. Sandoval ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Charged Particle ◽

Pion Production ◽

Particle Multiplicity ◽

Charged Particle Multiplicity ◽

Nuclear Collisions ◽

Relativistic Nuclear Collisions

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Direct conversion of mixed phase into free hadronic gas and transverse pion momenta in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions

Zeitschrift für Physik C Particles and Fields ◽

10.1007/bf01506535 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 401-409 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Yu. M. Sinyukov

Keyword(s):

Direct Conversion ◽

Mixed Phase ◽

Nuclear Collisions ◽

Relativistic Nuclear Collisions

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Tachyons and Solitons in Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in the Frame of Field Theory

Symmetry ◽

10.3390/sym13081358 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1358

Author(s):

Yiannis Contoyiannis ◽

Michael P. Hanias ◽

Pericles Papadopoulos ◽

Stavros G. Stavrinides ◽

Myron Kampitakis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Symmetry Breaking ◽

Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽

Critical Point ◽

Universality Class ◽

Lattice Simulation ◽

Ginzburg Landau ◽

Spin Lattice ◽

Nuclear Collisions ◽

Ising Spin ◽

Relativistic Nuclear Collisions

This paper presents our study of the presence of the unstable critical point in spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) in the framework of Ginzburg–Landau (G-L) free energy. Through a 3D Ising spin lattice simulation, we found a zone of hysteresis where the unstable critical point continued to exist, despite the system having entered the broken symmetry phase. Within the hysteresis zone, the presence of the kink–antikink SSB solitons expands and, therefore, these can be observed. In scalar field theories, such as Higgs fields, the mass of this soliton inside the hysteresis zone could behave as a tachyon mass, namely as an imaginary quantity. Due to the fact that groups Ζ(2) and SU(2) belong to the same universality class, one expects that, in future experiments of ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions, in addition to the expected bosons condensations, structures of tachyon fields could appear.

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