scholarly journals Effect of Tillage Systems on the Growth and Productivity of Eight Wheat Cultivars

2021 ◽  
Vol 904 (1) ◽  
pp. 012044
Author(s):  
B A Ziydan ◽  
A F Al-Enzy ◽  
A F Almehemdi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Material ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Previous Season

Abstract A field experiment was carried out in one of the agricultural fields in Abu Ghraib region during the winter season of 2018-2019 in order to study the effect of plowing systems on the growth and productivity of eight cultivars of wheat crop in a silty clay loam, field land which was not sown in the previous season. Two tillage systems were used (no-tillage and tillage) to grow the wheat crop, moldboard plows and harrow (local made). The cultivars were (Wafia, Adena, Araz, Erratum, Pura, Spelta, Doru, and Cymto). Randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) was used in a split plot arrangement with three replications. Results revealed that Adena predominated in plant height (87.77 cm), spike length (10.68 cm) tillers (4.695 tiller plant-1), whereas Cymto was superior in plant dry weight (80.00 g), thousand grains weight (54.80 g), grains yield per unit (5.535 Kg). Genetic material of Azar, Adena and Cymto cultivars was the best, as it was clearly manifested in the phenotypic components of wheat.

Arsenic Phytotoxicity and Uptake in Six Vegetable Crops

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 524-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Woolson
Keyword(s):  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Arsenic Level ◽  
Lima Beans

Six vegetable crops were greenhouse-grown to maturity in three Maryland soils treated with up to 500 ppm of arsenic (As) added as sodium arsenate. Phytotoxicity of arsenic residues was highest on Lakeland loamy sand and lowest on Hagerstown silty clay loam. Correlations between available arsenic and plant dry weight indicated that crop sensitivity proceeded as follows: green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. ‘stringless greenpod’) > lima beans (Phaseolus linensis L. ‘Fordhook 242’) spinach (Spinacia oleracea L. ‘Longstanding Bloomsdale Savoy’) > radish (Raphanus sativus L. ‘Champion’) > tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ‘F-7’) > cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L. ‘Jersey Wakefield’). Residues in the total dry plant at the available arsenic level at which growth was reduced 50% (GR50) were highest with radish (43.8 ppm) and spinach (10.0 ppm). Residues in the dry-edible portion increased to 76.0 ppm arsenic for unpeeled, washed radish at the GR50 point. The soil at the GR50 level for radish contained about 19 ppm of available arsenic from a 50 ppm arsenate treatment to Lakeland loamy sand and a 100 ppm treatment to Hagerstown silty clay loam and to Christiana clay loam.

scholarly journals The Response of Cotton to Fertilizers in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-102
Author(s):  
G. Samuels ◽  
J. P. Rodríguez ◽  
P. Landrau, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The results of the six fertilizer experiments with cotton carried on at Isabela, Aguirre, and Lajas, from 1943 to 1956, indicated that: 1. Cotton growing in Guayabo fine sand responded to phosphate and potash fertilizers. The use of 1,000 pounds of 5-10-10 per acre was recommended for this soil. 2. The use of nitrogen at 82 pounds per acre produced the only significant response to fertilizers for a Coto clay. 3. Cotton growing in Altura loam responded significantly only to applications of 100 pounds of nitrogen per acre. 4. Cotton growing on a Santa Isabel silty clay loam did not respond to nitrogen, phosphates, nor potash fertilizers. 5. The fertilizer demands of cotton growing in Santa Isabel clay appeared to be highest for nitrogen and phosphates, with no response to potash. The intensity of these needs varied somewhat with the cotton variety planted. 6. Leaf-blade rather than the petiole tissue was found to be most reliable for foliar analyses in determining the appropriate levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the plant tissue. 7. Leaf samples taken 45 days after planting revealed the greatest difference in response to fertilizers as compared to 60 and 90 days. 8. For tentative use as leaf standards for Sea Island cotton: It is suggested that leaf blades containing, on a dry weight basis at 45 days after planting, above 5.00 percent of nitrogen should show no response to additional nitrogen; above 0.40 percent of phosphorus, no response to phosphates; and, above 3.20 percent of potassium, no response to potash.

Effect The Treatments of Biofertilizer and Mineral Fertilizer on Content of N P K of Soil Cultivated With Crop Corn (Zea Mays L).

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-256
Author(s):  
Mohammed Aajmi Salman ◽  
Jawad A. Kamal Al-Shibani
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Fall Season ◽  
Loam Soil

Beneficial microorganisms play a key role in the availability of ions minerals in the soil and use Randomized Complete Block Desing ( R.C.B.D ). The objective of this paper to the study effect of the of biofertilizer and miniral treatments on availability of NPK for crop corn zea mays L.Two types of biofertilizer are Bacterial Bacillus subtilis and Fungal Trichoderma harianum. Three levels of potassium fertilizer are (2.9533, 0.4000 and 2.9533). A field experiment in fall season of 2018 Has been conducted in silty clay loam soil. The experimental Results indicated that Bacillus and Trichoderma inoculation separately or together Have made a significant effect to increase in the availability of N P K in the soil compare to other treatments. The grain yield is where (2.9533, 0.4000 and 2.9533) of bacterial and fungal bio-fertilizer and potassium fertilizers respectively as compared to the control.

scholarly journals Soil quality of the tea and apple-growing sites in Mindat District, Chin state, Myanmar: A preliminary study

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-40
Author(s):  
Yaung Kwee ◽  
Khin Soe
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Very High ◽  
Physicochemical Properties Of Soils

In this study, two sites from tea and apple growing sites were collected from Pyay village and Nine Mile village, Mindat district, Chin state of West Myanmar under a humid subtropical climate. The results of physicochemical properties of observed soils were neutral pH, favorable moisture, silty clay loam texture, very high content of organic carbon, organic matter and total nitrogen. However, the tea growing soil was very poor in phosphorus and potassium content. Moreover, both soils lack of available potassium. The content of heavy metals in both soils was not varied from each other and followed the order: Fe (iron) > Cu (copper) >Zn (zinc) > Pb (lead) > Cr (chromium) and was below the maximum allowed concentrations (MAC). Therefore, the studied soils are generally favorable for cultivation under the condition of application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. However, due to the regular application of fertilizers and pesticides, it is necessary to monitor these soils for PTE levels. Further research is recommended, which must include analyses of the physicochemical properties of soils to a two depths of 0-30 and 30-60 cm, especially for the area where fruit plants are grown. In addition, higher density of soil samples and sub-samples are necessary to produce a reliable dataset that will allow proper statistical analysis.

scholarly journals Role of Organic Acids on Phosphorus Fractions in Silty Clay Loam Soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Abdulmahdi S.ALansari ◽  
Muhammad M.Yassin ◽  
Mahdi W.Seheib
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Fertilized Soil

This study was conducted to evaluation the role of the organic acids in the phosphorus fractions in silty clay loam texture. The laboratoryexperiment was conducted by adding the organic acids (Humic acid ,Citric acid ,Oxalic acid , Malic acid ,Acetic acid and Lactic acid )to the fertilized soil with conc. super phosphate fertilizer with 100 kg h-1 level with concentrations (0,15,30,45 and60)mg L-1,except Humic acid (500,1000,1500 and 2000) mg L-1.The soil was incubated at 30 C for 14,28,42,56 and 70 days period and the keep of field capacity about of incubation period during the daily weight.Amount of available ,mineral ,organic and total phosphorus after each incubated period were measured. The results showed that theaddition of organic acids of Humic acid ,Citric acid ,Oxalic acid and Malic acid were caused to increaseamount of available ,mineral ,organic and constant of total phosphorus in fertilized soil with conc. super phosphate fertilizer and increased its amount with increasing of organic acid concentration and better of Humic acid 2000mg L-1 significanton all the treatments .The results of the study that theaddition of organic acids were caused to increase amount of available and mineral phosphorus with increasing of incubation period and constant amount of total phosphorus and decreasing of organic phosphorus amount and available for only soil and only fertilizer treatment during increasing of incubation period .The organic acids can be arranged according to its ability toincrease the availabilityof the phosphorus as follow :

Aggregate slaking during rapid wetting: Hydrophobicity and pore occlusion

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafida Zaher ◽  
Jean Caron
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Water Entry ◽  
Paper Sludge ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Wetting Front ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Loam Soil

The slaking process after rapid wetting is a key factor controlling soil structural stability in dry soil, and an understanding of the relative importance of the different mechanisms involved in slaking may help in the design of management strategies aimed at maintaining a stable surface soil structure. Slaking has been linked to, among other factors, rapid pressure build-up in aggregate, and previous work has emphasized the role of organic matter to hamper that pressure build-up, possibly due to hydrophobicity, reducing rapid water entry within aggregates and hence the build-up. This study emphasizes this latter aspect linked to slaking. The evolution of the intra-aggregate pressure, the matter lost by slaking and the expelled air after rapid wetting of two soils of different textures (clay loam soil and silty-clay loam soil) amended with different types of paper sludge were studied. Hydrophobicity effects were also studied using a tensio-active solution. The results of these experiments showed that when aggregates were submitted to sudden wetting, those treated with paper sludge had an improved resistance to the destructive action of rapid wetting. The lower pressures measured in the aggregates from the amended soils and having less slaking resulted most likely from slow water entry and reduced swelling. Detailed investigation on the link between hydrophobicity and water entry revealed that the true hydrophobic effect (modification of contact angle) was non-existent for the silty-clay loam and minor for the clay loam. This study, rather, suggests that changes in the water potential at the wetting front following organic matter addition and aggregate immersion most likely depend on pore occlusion and on changes in pore surface roughness. Key words: Aggregate stability, organic matter, slaking, pressure, swelling, wettability

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