scholarly journals Analysis of the role of plant canopy on hydrological systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 905 (1) ◽  
pp. 012116
Author(s):  
F D Dzikrillah ◽  
M T S Budiastuti ◽  
Sugihardjo
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Plant Canopy ◽  
Canopy Density ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Teak Tree

Abstract High rainfall intensity causing high erosion rates in Indonesia. Land cover conditions greatly determine water degradation in the hydrological cycle. The shape and type of plants canopy have significant effect on soil structure and water absorption. This study aimed to examine the role of plant canopy on the value of rainwater canopy escape as a supporter of hydrological cycle. Tree species were determined based on the level of dominance at study site using transect method. The dominant trees are Sea Sengon Tree (Paraserianthes falcataria), Teak Tree (Tectona grandis), Suren Tree (Toona sinensis) and Durian Tree (Durio zibethinus). The results showed that high rainfall intensity with a long rain period affected the amount of canopy escape. Durian Tree has highest canopy density with value of 0.301, and Sengon Laut is the lowest with value of 0.240. The value of passing the canopy of the Suren Tree is lower than the other tree species. The shape of canopy of Suren tree, which is round and oval, also affects the lower pass value of canopy compared to other tree species. The higher the value of canopy density can reduce the value of canopy escape to support the hydrological cycle.

scholarly journals Co-occurrences of tropical trees in eastern South America: disentangling abiotic and biotic forces

Plant Ecology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma-Liina Marjakangas ◽  
Otso Ovaskainen ◽  
Nerea Abrego ◽  
Vidar Grøtan ◽  
Alexandre A. de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmental Filtering ◽  
Limiting Similarity ◽  
Phylogenetic Relatedness ◽  
Biogeographical Regions ◽  
Dependent Processes ◽  
Occurrence Of Species

AbstractSpecies co-occurrences in local communities can arise independent or dependent on species’ niches. However, the role of niche-dependent processes has not been thoroughly deciphered when generalized to biogeographical scales, probably due to combined shortcomings of data and methodology. Here, we explored the influence of environmental filtering and limiting similarity, as well as biogeographical processes that relate to the assembly of species’ communities and co-occurrences. We modelled jointly the occurrences and co-occurrences of 1016 tropical tree species with abundance data from inventories of 574 localities in eastern South America. We estimated species co-occurrences as raw and residual associations with models that excluded and included the environmental effects on the species’ co-occurrences, respectively. Raw associations indicate co-occurrence of species, whereas residual associations indicate co-occurrence of species after accounting for shared responses to environment. Generally, the influence of environmental filtering exceeded that of limiting similarity in shaping species’ co-occurrences. The number of raw associations was generally higher than that of the residual associations due to the shared responses of tree species to the environmental covariates. Contrary to what was expected from assuming limiting similarity, phylogenetic relatedness or functional similarity did not limit tree co-occurrences. The proportions of positive and negative residual associations varied greatly across the study area, and we found a significant tendency of some biogeographical regions having higher proportions of negative associations between them, suggesting that large-scale biogeographical processes limit the establishment of trees and consequently their co-occurrences.

Fast Tracking the Pulau Poh Cable-stayed Bridge

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chet Chie Voon ◽  
Hiang Miang Goh ◽  
Chuan Seng Koo
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Fast Track ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Stay Cable ◽  
Bridge Design ◽  
Environmental Challenges ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Fast Tracking ◽  
Cable Stayed Bridge ◽  
Design Life

<p>The construction of the Pulau Poh cable-stayed bridge has been challenging both technically and environmentally. The curved pylon shape in two planes, with changing cross section and heavily congested reinforcement pose constructability concerns. Accurate geometry control and positioning of stay cable anchorages within the pylon is crucial to ensure the bridge meets its intended design life. Located in an area with high rainfall intensity presents additional environmental challenges, where working areas are constantly submerged. To address the challenges and meet the project deadline, innovative construction methodologies are being adopted. The bridge design was also revisited, taking into consideration the construction approach. This paper aims to explain the challenges faced and methods used to fast track the construction of the Pulau Poh cable-stayed bridge.</p>

Atlantic Forest recovery after long-term eucalyptus plantations: The role of zoochoric and shade-tolerant tree species on carbon stock

2022 ◽  
Vol 503 ◽  
pp. 119789
Author(s):  
Alex Josélio Pires Coelho ◽  
Pedro Manuel Villa ◽  
Fabio Antônio Ribeiro Matos ◽  
Gustavo Heringer ◽  
Marcelo Leandro Bueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Forest Recovery ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantations

Structure and Regeneration of Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn. f.) Forests in Shiwalik Region of Kumaun Himalaya, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Bhawna Adhikari ◽  
◽  
Bhawana Kapkoti ◽  
Neelu Lodhiyal ◽  
L.S. Lodhiyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Canopy Density ◽  
Kumaun Himalaya ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Canopy Trees ◽  
Dense Forest ◽  
Open Forest ◽  
Sal Forest

Present study was carried out to assess the structure and regeneration of Sal forests in Shiwalik region of Kumaun Himalaya. Vegetation analysis and tree canopy density was determined by using quadrat and densitometer, respectively. Density of seedlings, saplings and trees was 490-14067, 37-1233, and 273-863 ind.ha-1 respectively. The basal area was 0.12-5.44 m2 ha-1 reported for saplings and 25.4-77.6 m2 ha-1 for trees. Regeneration of Sal was found good in Sal mixed dense forest followed by Sal open forest and Sal dense forest, respectively. Regeneration of Sal was assisted by the presence of associated tree species as well as the sufficient sunlight availability on ground due to adequate opening of canopy trees in Sal forest. Thus it is concluded that the density of tree canopy, sunlight availability and also associated tree species impacted the regeneration of Sal in the region.

scholarly journals Has erosion globally increased? Long-term erosion rates as a function of climate derived from the impact crater inventory

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Hergarten ◽  
Thomas Kenkmann
Keyword(s):  
Time Scale ◽  
Impact Crater ◽  
Regional Effect ◽  
Tropical Zone ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
River Loads ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Worldwide erosion rates seem to have increased strongly since the beginning of the Quaternary, but there is still discussion about the role of glaciation as a potential driver and even whether the increase is real at all or an artefact due to losses in the long-term sedimentary record. In this study we derive estimates of average erosion rates on the time scale of some tens of million years from the terrestrial impact crater inventory. This approach is completely independent from all other methods to infer erosion rates such as river loads, preserved sediments, cosmogenic nuclides and thermochronometry. Our approach yields average erosion rates as a function of present-day topography and climate. The results confirm that topography accounts for the main part of the huge variation of erosion on Earth, but also identifies a significant systematic dependence on climate in contrast to several previous studies. We found a fivefold increase in erosional efficacy from the cold regimes to the tropical zone and that temperate and arid climates are very similar in this context. Combining our results to a worldwide mean erosion rate we found that erosion rates on the time scale of some tens of million years are at least as high as present-day rates and suggest that glaciation has a rather regional effect with a limited impact at the continental scale.

The Growth of a Tree—A Metaphor for Reflecting on the Role of JRME

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-405
Author(s):  
Nerida F. Ellerton
Keyword(s):  
Education Research ◽  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Root System ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Mathematics Education Research ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Natural Landscapes

Research journals likeJRMEplay key roles through the publication of peerreviewed research, and it is through such publications that the field has the potential to grow. The metaphor of a growing tree is a useful one to explore in the context of mathematics education research. Growth in the natural world is generally multidimensional. A tree's growth is measured not only in terms of its height but also in terms of the girth of its trunk, the spread of its branches, and the development of a substantial root system, all of which are essential for the tree's continued growth and survival. Soil nutrients need to be replenished, and without sufficient moisture, growth is arrested, and the tree becomes stunted. Many of the most interesting natural landscapes include a range of tree species as well as supporting undergrowth.

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