scholarly journals Patch size does not always indicate bird species diversity: case in peri-urban tropical habitat in Riau, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 948 (1) ◽  
pp. 012028
Author(s):  
M K Alghifari ◽  
A Mardiastuti ◽  
Y A Mulyani
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Habitat Diversity ◽  
Urban Habitat ◽  
Large Patch ◽  
Small Patch ◽  
Point Counts

Abstract Larger patches generally are inhabited by higher species richness, including birds, as predicted by the island biogeography theory. The objective of this research was to reveal the response of bird species richness in different patch sizes in peri-urban habitat. The study site area was five patches (2 large patches near human activities, remote large patch with a small lake, small patch, corridor patch) of disturbed secondary shrub-forest in Riau University, Sumatra. Birds were observed using the standard point-counts in early morning and late afternoon (8 points/patch, 3 replicates, total 40 observation-hour) in March-April 2021. Species richness (S), Shannon-Wiener diversity indices (H’), Chao species prediction, and Bray-Curtis similarity indices (B) were calculated. Total of 979 individual birds were observed, consisted of 68 species from 28 families with B ranged from 0.573 to 0.846. Large patch with lake in remote area had the highest species richness (S:39 species, Chao:54) and H’ (3.097). However, two large patches closed to human activities had the lowest number of species (S:27, Chao:30, H’:2.908, and S:23, Chao:32, H’:2.938, respectively), even lower than small patch (S:30, Chao:40, H’:2.925) or corridor patch (S:34; Chao:51, H’:2.724). Clearly human disturbance and micro-habitat diversity affect species richness in a local scale.

Diversity, status and habitat usage of avifauna at sadar upazila, magura, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-456
Author(s):  
Ashikur Rahman Shome ◽  
Md Mahabub Alam ◽  
Md Fazle Rabbe ◽  
Mohammad Mijanur Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Firoj Jaman
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Habitat Diversity ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Common Myna ◽  
Rural And Urban

A study on diversity, status, and habitat preference of avifauna was conducted from November 2017 to October 2018 in Magura Sadar upazila, Magura. Data was collected through direct field observations using line-transect method. Field surveys were made for three days per month in both rural and urban sites. A total of 140 species of birds belonged to 18 orders and 48 families were reported. Among the total species, 55% (77 species) were non-passerines and 45% (63 species) passerines with the highest individuals were counted under order Passeriformes. Resident bird species were dominant (106 species, 75.71%) over migratory (34 species, 24.28%) species. Species richness was the highest in the rural areas (124 species, 88.57%) and occurrence was the highest in winter season (97 species, 69.29%). The maximum species were recorded from trees (87 species, 62.14%) as preferred habitat. In this study, in total 4,060 individuals of birds were counted and among them, 51.55% (n=2093) were observed in the rural areas and 48.45% (n=1967) were in the urban areas. The highest number of birds was found in December (10.34%, n=432) and seasonal abundance was the highest in winter (40.15%, n=1630). Abundance was the highest for Common Myna (5.76%, n=234) among all recorded species. Diversity indices showed that the bird species were the most diverse in the rural areas in the winter season and in July. Habitat diversity indices were the highest for trees and birds used different types of habitats at different times for roosting, breeding and feeding. Regarding the observation status, 29.28% species was very common, 4.28% common, 31.42% fairly common, and 35% were few. This baseline data indicate that this study site is significant from the ecological and conservation point of views. Therefore, further research is necessary to understand how this avian diversity is maintained in this ecological setting. Bangladesh J. Zool. 48(2): 441-456, 2020

Overlap in avian communities produces unimodal richness peaks on Bornean mountains

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan C. Burner ◽  
Alison R. Styring ◽  
Chandradewana Boer ◽  
Frederick H. Sheldon
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Altitudinal Distribution ◽  
Bird Species Richness ◽  
Point Counts ◽  
Habitat Gradient ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Replicated Systems

Abstract:Altitudinal gradients provide tractable, replicated systems in which to study changes in species richness and community composition over relatively short distances. Previously, richness was often assumed to follow a monotonic decline with altitude, but recent meta-analyses show that more complex patterns, including mid-altitude richness peaks, are also prevalent in birds. In this study, we used point counts to survey birds at multiple altitudes on three mountains on the island of Borneo in Sundaland, an area for which quantitative analyses of avian altitudinal distribution are unavailable. In total we conducted 1088 point counts and collected associated habitat data at 527 locations to estimate species richness by altitude on Mt Mulu (2376 m), Mt Pueh (1550 m) and Mt Topap Oso (1450 m). On Mulu, the only mountain with an intact habitat gradient, bird species richness peaks at 600 m. Richness appeared to peak at 600 m on Totap Oso as well, but on Pueh it peaked several hundred metres higher. The richness peak on Mulu differs from that predicted by null models and is instead caused by the overlap of distinct lowland and montane avifaunas, supporting the faunal overlap hypothesis. This finding provides further evidence that a lack of coincidence between peak turnover and peak richness is not sufficient evidence to rule out faunal overlap as a causal factor.

Bird occupancy and richness in ponderosa pine forests with contrasting forest structure and fire historyThis article is one of a selection of papers from the Special Forum on Ecological Studies in Interior Ponderosa Pine — First Findings from Blacks Mountain Interdisciplinary Research.

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 936-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Luke George ◽  
Steve Zack
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
American Robin ◽  
Point Counts ◽  
Ponderosa Pine Forests ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Silvicultural Treatment

We compared the effects of two contrasting silvicultural treatments and prescribed fire on bird occupancy at Blacks Mountain Experimental Forest. Each silvicultural treatment was applied to two approximately 100 ha units within each of three blocks. Prescribed burning was applied to one-half of each silvicultural treatment in a split-plot design. Occupancy was estimated at eight points in each plot for 11 bird species and three foraging guilds (bark gleaners, woodpeckers, and foliage gleaners). The frequencies of species detections on the point counts were used to estimate species richness on each plot. Occupancy did not differ among treatments for any of the guilds. Four of the 11 bird species, the American robin ( Turdus migratorius L., 1766), the chipping sparrow ( Spizella passerina (Bechstein, 1798)), the white-breasted nuthatch ( Sitta carolinensis Latham, 1790), and the western tanager ( Piranga ludoviciana (A. Wilson, 1811)), showed responses to the treatments. Species richness did not differ between the silvicultural or the burn treatments. The general lack of response of the bird community to the silvicultural and burn treatments is likely a result of the relatively large size of the trees and snags retained on both silvicultural treatments, the low intensity of the prescribed burns, and the lack of a strong contrast in tree density between the silvicultural treatments.

Effects of Area and Habitat Diversity on Bird Species Richness in Lakes

1977 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgitta Sillen ◽  
Christer Solbreck
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Habitat Diversity ◽  
Bird Species Richness

scholarly journals The influence of urban park characteristics on bird diversity in Nanjing, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueru Yang ◽  
Xinwei Tan ◽  
Chuanwu Chen ◽  
Yanping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Urban Parks ◽  
Environmental Noise ◽  
Habitat Diversity ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
City Center ◽  
Bird Species Richness ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Park Area

Abstract Background Habitat loss, fragmentation and decrease of habitat quality caused by urbanization have led to a dramatic decline in biodiversity worldwide. For highly urbanized areas, parks have become “islands” or habitat fragments for wildlife. As an important indicator group of urban ecosystem health, the response of birds to urbanization has attracted the global attention of ecologists. Understanding the key factors affecting bird diversity in urbanized environment is crucial to the protection of biodiversity in urban ecosystems. Methods We used the line-transect method to survey birds in 37 urban parks in Nanjing, China. We also measured a number of park characteristics (area, isolation, shape index, environmental noise, distance to city center, and habitat diversity) that are commonly assumed to influence bird diversity. We then used the information-theoretic multi-model inference approach to determine which park characteristics had significant impacts on bird species richness. Results We found that park area, habitat diversity and the distance to city center were the best positive predictors of bird species richness in Nanjing urban parks. By contrast, park isolation, park shape and environmental noise had little or no influence on bird diversity. Conclusions Our study highlights the importance of park area, habitat diversity and the distance to city center in determining bird diversity in Nanjing city parks. Therefore, from a conservation viewpoint, we recommend that large parks with complex and diverse habitats far away from the city center should be retained or constructed to increase bird diversity in urban design and planning.

scholarly journals Bird assemblages in natural and urbanized habitats along elevational gradient in Nainital district (western Himalaya) of Uttarakhand state, India

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Bhatt ◽  
Kamal Kant Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Urban Habitat ◽  
Western Himalayas ◽  
Avian Community ◽  
Elevational Gradients ◽  
Bird Assemblages

Abstract The Indian subcontinent is amongst the biologically better known parts of the tropics and its bird fauna has been well documented. However, avian community composition and diversity along elevational gradients and amongst habitat types remains unclear in India. We attempted to estimate bird assemblages in terms of diversity, species composition, status and abundance in urban and forest habitats of Nainital district of Uttarakhand (350–2450 m asl; 29°N), Western Himalayas. We sampled different elevational gradients and to understand the effect of urbanization and season on avian community composition. Field studies were conducted during January 2005 to January 2007. Results indicated that the forest had more complex bird community structure in terms of higher species richness (14.35 vs 8.69), higher species diversity (Shannon’s index 4.00 vs 3.54), higher evenness (0.838 vs 0.811) and more rare species (17 vs 5) as compared to urban habitat. However, the abundance of 11 species was higher in urban habitats. Bird Species Richness (BSR) varied considerably among study areas (91 to 113 species), was highest (113 species) at mid elevation (1450–1700 m asl) and decreased (22 species) at high elevation (1900–2450 m asl). It seems that high BSR at mid altitudes is not caused by the presence of a group of mid altitude specialists but rather that there is an overlap in the distribution of low land and high elevation specialists at this altitude. BSR and Bird Species Diversity fluctuated across seasons but not habitat type.

Evidence for bottom-up effects in the boreal forest: Do passerine birds respond to large-scale experimental fertilization?

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 2231-2237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas F. G. Folkard ◽  
James N. M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Passerine Bird ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Bird Species Richness ◽  
Point Counts ◽  
The Impact

Boreal plant communities are strongly nutrient limited, and the animals of the boreal forest may therefore experience bottom-up nutrient limitation. We conducted a 5-year experimental study of the impact of aerial nitrogen fertilization on birds of the boreal forest near Kluane Lake, southwestern Yukon, to test for such bottom-up effects. Specifically, we tested if avian abundance and species richness increased after fertilization. Variable circular-plot point counts were made to estimate bird numbers and species richness each summer from 1988 to 1992. Fertilization had no effect on abundance for the first two summers, but total abundances of the seven commonest passerine bird species increased by an average of 46% over the final 3 years. Fertilization had no effect on bird species richness. Population densities and species richness were both low at Kluane compared with patterns seen in temperate forest. Yellow-rumped warblers (Dendroica coronata), dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis), and Swainson's thrushes (Catharus ustulatus) dominated the passerine community at Kluane. There was only moderate spatial and temporal variation in songbird numbers on control plots over the 5-year study period.

Predicting bird species richness and micro-habitat diversity using satellite data

2018 ◽  
Vol 424 ◽  
pp. 483-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Ozdemir ◽  
Ahmet Mert ◽  
Ulas Yunus Ozkan ◽  
Sengul Aksan ◽  
Yasin Unal
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Habitat Diversity ◽  
Bird Species Richness

scholarly journals Urbanization, Bird Species Richness And Abundance Within Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Festus Oluwatimileyin Adegbola ◽  
Taiye Adeniyi Adeyanju ◽  
Soladoye B. Iwajomo ◽  
Ibukunoluwa Augustine Ayodele
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Uniform Grid ◽  
Bird Species Richness ◽  
Software Application ◽  
Point Counts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Habitat Variables

Urbanisation is considered as one of the most profound threat to wildlife, with habitat loss and fragmentation being predominant. This study assessed the impacts of urbanisation on richness, abundance of bird species within Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria. A uniform grid of 500 square meters was installed on the map of Ibadan Metropolis using QGIS to produce 499 grid points distributed across the five urban local governments. 100 grids were selected randomly, identified with mapinR software application and surveyed with 5 point counts within each gird, established at 200m interval to avoid double counting. Each point count was observed for 5 minutes using a pair of 8x42mm binoculars within a 50m radius. Habitat variables like number of buildings, trees, paved roads, communication masts were also recorded. A total number of 56 species of birds were observed at the end of the assessment, classified into 30 families. The test of statistics showed that there was no statistically significant difference in bird species richness between the Local Governments. The test of statistics showed that there was no statistically significant difference in bird species abundance between the local governments. The test of between-subjects effects revealed that there were no statistical significant effects when all the habitat variables were computed in the model on species richness. The number of paved roads and number of vehicles showed a significant effect on bird species abundance while others variables in the model did not exact statistically significant effects on bird species abundance. The study therefore concluded that habitat actions due to urbanisation have not affected the richness and abundance of birds species found in all the local governments. The only habitat variables that have currently exacted significant effect on species abundance within the metropolis are number of vehicles and paved roads.

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