scholarly journals Topological Aberrance of Structural Brain Network Provides Quantitative Substrates of post-Traumatic Brain Injury Attention Deficits in Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Cao ◽  
Yuyang Luo ◽  
Ziyan Wu ◽  
Catherine Mazzola ◽  
Lori Catania ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Attention Deficits ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Structural Brain Network ◽  
Structural Brain

scholarly journals Topological Aberrance of Structural Brain Network Provides Quantitative Markers of post-TBI Attention Deficits in Children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Cao ◽  
Yuyang Luo ◽  
Ziyan Wu ◽  
Catherine A. Mazzola ◽  
Arlene Goodman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Attention Deficits ◽  
Topological Properties ◽  
Local Efficiency ◽  
Structural Brain Network ◽  
Structural Brain

ABSTRACTTraumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced attention deficits are among the most common long-term cognitive consequences in children. Most of the existing studies attenpting to understand the neuropathological underpinnings of cognitive and behavioral impairments in TBI have utilized heterogeneous samples and resulted in inconsistent findings. The current research proposed to investigate topological properties of the structural brain network in children with TBI and their associations with TBI-induced attention problems in a more homogeneous subgroup of children who had severe post-TBI attention deficits (TBI-A).A total of 31 children with TBI-A and 35 group-matched controls were involved in the study. Diffusion tensor imaging-based probabilistic tractography and graph theoretical techniques were used to construct the structural brain network in each subject. Network topological properties were calculated in both global level and regional (nodal) level. Between-group comparisons among the topological network measures and analyses for searching brain-behavioral associations were all corrected for multiple comparisons using Bonferroni method.Compare to controls, the TBI-A group showed significantly higher nodal local efficiency and nodal clustering coefficient in left inferior frontal gyrus and right transverse temporal gyrus, while significantly lower nodal clustering coefficient in left supramarginal gyrus as well as lower nodal local efficiency in left parahippocampal gyrus. The temporal lobe topological alterations were significantly associated with the post-TBI inattentive and hyperactive symptoms in the TBI-A group.The results suggest that TBI-related structural re-modularity in the WM subnetworks associated with temporal lobe may play a critical role in the onset of severe post-TBI attention deficits in children. These findings provide valuable input for understanding the neurobiological substrates of TBI-A, and have the potential to serve as a biomarker guiding the development of more timely and tailored strategies for diagnoses and treatments to the affected individuals.

Time Interval Between Traumatic Brain Injury And Post Traumatic Epilepsy

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-228
Author(s):  
Daniel Garbin Di Luca ◽  
Glenda Corrêa Borges de Lacerda
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
First Year ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Partial Seizures ◽  
Complex Partial Seizures ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Faster Development ◽  
Post Traumatic Epilepsy ◽  
Traumatic Epilepsy

Introduction. The estimated time interval in which an individual can develop Post Traumatic Epilepsy (PTE) after a traumatic brain injury (TBI) is not clear. Objective. To assess the possible influence of the clinical features in the time interval between TBI and PTE develop­ment. Method. We analyzed retrospectively 400 medical records from a tertiary Brazilian hospital. We selected and reevaluated 50 patients and data was confronted with the time between TBI and PTE devel­opment by a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. A Cox-hazard regression was also conducted to define the characteristics that could be involved in the latent period of the PTE development. Results. Patients devel­oped PTE especially in the first year (56%). We found a tendency of a faster development of PTE in patients older than 24 years (P<0.0001) and in men (P=0.03). Complex partial seizures evolving to generalized seizures were predominant in patients after moderate (37.7%) and severe (48.8%) TBIs, and simple partial seizures evolving to general­ized seizures in mild TBIs (45.5%). Conclusions. Our data suggest that the first year after a TBI is the most critical period for PTE de­velopment and those males older than 24 years could have a faster development of PTE.

Association of Ventilation during Initial Trauma Resuscitation for Traumatic Brain Injury and Post-Traumatic Outcomes: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mary Beth Howard ◽  
Nichole McCollum ◽  
Emily C. Alberto ◽  
Hannah Kotler ◽  
Mary E. Mottla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Trauma Resuscitation ◽  
Cerebral Herniation ◽  
Full Text Review ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Ventilation Strategies ◽  
End Tidal

Abstract Objectives: In the absence of evidence of acute cerebral herniation, normal ventilation is recommended for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Despite this recommendation, ventilation strategies vary during the initial management of patients with TBI and may impact outcome. The goal of this systematic review was to define the best evidence-based practice of ventilation management during the initial resuscitation period. Methods: A literature search of PubMed, CINAHL, and SCOPUS identified studies from 2009 through 2019 addressing the effects of ventilation during the initial post-trauma resuscitation on patient outcomes. Results: The initial search yielded 899 articles, from which 13 were relevant and selected for full-text review. Six of the 13 articles met the inclusion criteria, all of which reported on patients with TBI. Either end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) or partial pressure carbon dioxide (PCO2) were the independent variables associated with mortality. Decreased rates of mortality were reported in patients with normal PCO2 or ETCO2. Conclusions: Normoventilation, as measured by ETCO2 or PCO2, is associated with decreased mortality in patients with TBI. Preventing hyperventilation or hypoventilation in patients with TBI during the early resuscitation phase could improve outcome after TBI.

scholarly journals Depression following traumatic brain injury: a comprehensive overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Fakhoury ◽  
Zaynab Shakkour ◽  
Firas Kobeissy ◽  
Nada Lawand
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
First Year ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Current State ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Brain Changes

Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a major health concern affecting the neuropsychological health; TBI is accompanied by drastic long-term adverse complications that can influence many aspects of the life of affected individuals. A substantial number of studies have shown that mood disorders, particularly depression, are the most frequent complications encountered in individuals with TBI. Post-traumatic depression (P-TD) is present in approximately 30% of individuals with TBI, with the majority of individuals experiencing symptoms of depression during the first year following head injury. To date, the mechanisms of P-TD are far from being fully understood, and effective treatments that completely halt this condition are still lacking. The aim of this review is to outline the current state of knowledge on the prevalence and risk factors of P-TD, to discuss the accompanying brain changes at the anatomical, molecular and functional levels, and to discuss current approaches used for the treatment of P-TD.

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