The variety of national drug policies

2009 ◽  
pp. 221-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Babor ◽  
Jonathan Caulkins ◽  
Griffith Edwards ◽  
Benedikt Fischer ◽  
David Foxcroft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Drug ◽  
Drug Policies

scholarly journals Barriers and facilitators to adherence to national drug policies on antibiotic prescribing and dispensing in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fosiul Alam Nizame ◽  
Dewan Muhammad Shoaib ◽  
Emily K. Rousham ◽  
Salma Akter ◽  
Mohammad Aminul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Policy ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Drug Shop ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
National Drug ◽  
National Drug Policy ◽  
Drug Policies ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background The National Drug Policy in Bangladesh prohibits the sale and distribution of antibiotics without prescription from a registered physician. Compliance with this policy is poor; prescribing antibiotics by unqualified practitioners is common and over-the-counter dispensing widespread. In Bangladesh, unqualified practitioners such as drug shop operators are a major source of healthcare for the poor and disadvantaged. This paper reports on policy awareness among drug shop operators and their customers and identifies current dispensing practices, barriers and facilitators to policy adherence. Methods We conducted a qualitative study in rural and urban Bangladesh from June 2019 to August 2020. This included co-design workshops (n = 4) and in-depth interviews (n = 24) with drug shop operators and customers/household members, key informant interviews (n = 12) with key personnel involved in aspects of the antibiotic supply chain including pharmaceutical company representatives, and model drug shop operators; and a group discussion with stakeholders representing key actors in informal market systems namely: representatives from the government, private sector, not-for-profit sector and membership organizations. Results Barriers to policy compliance among drug shop operators included limited knowledge of government drug policies, or the government-led Bangladesh Pharmacy Model Initiative (BPMI), a national guideline piloted to regulate drug sales. Drug shop operators had no clear knowledge of different antibiotic generations, how and for what diseases antibiotics work contributing to inappropriate antibiotic dispensing. Nonetheless, drug shop operators wanted the right to prescribe antibiotics based on having completed related training. Drug shop customers cited poor healthcare facilities and inadequate numbers of attending physician as a barrier to obtaining prescriptions and they described difficulties differentiating between qualified and unqualified providers. Conclusion Awareness of the National Drug Policy and the BPMI was limited among urban and rural drug shop operators. Poor antibiotic prescribing practice is additionally hampered by a shortage of qualified physicians; cultural and economic barriers to accessing qualified physicians, and poor implementation of regulations. Increasing qualified physician access and increasing training and certification of drug shop operators could improve the alignment of practices with national policy.

The Global Drug Policy Index: tracking national drug policies

The Lancet ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 398 (10313) ◽  
pp. 1788-1789
Author(s):  
Jacqui Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Drug Policy ◽  
Index Tracking ◽  
National Drug ◽  
Drug Policies

The Evaluation and Control of Drugs in Norway

1986 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjørn Jøldal
Keyword(s):  
Drug Policy ◽  
Health Care Policy ◽  
Drug Distribution ◽  
Medical Care System ◽  
International Policies ◽  
National Drug ◽  
Drug Policies ◽  
Comprehensive Health ◽  
Health Situation ◽  
And Control

The basic aim of a drug policy is to ensure that effective and safe drugs of good quality are available to cover the health needs of a country. A national drug policy should be considered an integral part of any comprehensive health-care policy. The formulation of national drug policies varies even between similar countries because of conflicting interests and different political, economic, and social pressures. It is influenced by such factors as:the health situation of the country;the medical care system;the education and training of health personnel;the social security and health-insurance schemes;drug research and development possibilities;the domestic production of drugs;the determination of the demand for drugs;the system of drug distribution;the possibilities for evaluation and control of drugs; andinternational policies on medicinal products.

Recommendations for Establishing a Drug and Toxicology Information Center in a Developing Country

DICP ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1379-1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ossy J. Kasilo ◽  
Charles F.B. Nhachi
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Teaching Institution ◽  
National Drug ◽  
Information Center ◽  
Drug Policies ◽  
Teaching Curriculum ◽  
Health Organization

The purpose of this work was to formulate guidelines to help health professionals in establishing or strengthening the capabilities of drug and toxicology information centers and related facilities in developing countries. These guidelines are based on the experience of an established drug and toxicology information service in Zimbabwe which has been operating for more than ten years and on information obtained from other centers in developed countries. The guidelines provide advice rather than a unique model and should therefore be adapted rather than adopted. We conclude that national drug policies should include provision for establishing drug information centers. The World Health Organization and similar organizations should assist in establishing these centers. We believe that a drug and toxicology information center is more beneficial to the community when it is part of the teaching curriculum and continuing education for health professionals. Therefore, the center should be located in a medical teaching institution.

scholarly journals National Drug Policies to Local Formulary Decisions in Thailand, China, and Australia: Drug Listing Changes and Opportunities

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. S126-S131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Worasuda Yoongthong ◽  
Shanlian Hu ◽  
Jennifer A. Whitty ◽  
Suwit Wibulpolprasert ◽  
Kitti Sukantho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Drug ◽  
Drug Policies

Prohibition, Regulation or Free Market: A Mapping of Colombian People’s Perspectives Regarding National Drug Policies

2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 689-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson López López ◽  
Claudia Pineda Marín ◽  
Paul C. Sorum ◽  
Etienne Mullet
Keyword(s):  
Free Market ◽  
National Drug ◽  
Drug Policies

scholarly journals The Role and Experience of Sudan in Assisting To Develop and Implement National Drug Policies

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
National Drug ◽  
Medical Devices Act ◽  
Drug Policies ◽  
Government Deficit ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

The strategy of price liberalisation and privatisation had been implemented in Sudan over the last decade, and has had a positive result on government deficit. The investment law approved recently has good statements and rules on the above strategy in particular to pharmacy regulations. Under the pressure of the new privatisation policy, the government introduced radical changes in the pharmacy regulations. The 2001 Pharmacy and Poisons Act and its provisions established the Federal Pharmacy and Poison Board (FPPB). All the authorities of the implementation of Pharmacy and Poisons Act were given to this board. This article provides an overview of the impact of the pharmaceutical regulations on the quality of medicines on the Sudanese market from the perspective of the pharmacists working with drug importing companies. The information necessary to conduct the evaluation was collected from 30 pharmacists who are the owners or shareholders in medicines’ importing companies. The participants were selected randomly. 89% of respondents considered the medicines on the Sudanese market are generally of good quality. The design of the research itself may be considered inadequate with regard to selection process. However, the authors believe it provides enough evidence, and the current pharmaceutical regulations have some loopholes. The Pharmacy, Poisons, Cosmetics and Medical Devices Act-2001 and its regulation should be enforced. The overall set-up including the Act itself needs to be revised. The emerging crisis in pharmacy human resources requires significant additional effort to gather knowledge and dependable data that can inform reasonable, effective, and coordinated responses from government, industry, and professional associations. Furthermore research should be carried out to understand the scope, magnitude directions of the migratory flows, within and outside the country, as well as the characteristics and skills of the emigrated pharmacists.

scholarly journals A Study on the National Drug Policies of Bangladesh to Ensure Health for All

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Md Aknur Rahman ◽  
Md Riaz Hossain ◽  
Md Aslam Hossain ◽  
Md Shah Amran
Keyword(s):  
Drug Policy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
Public Servants ◽  
National Drug ◽  
National Drug Policy ◽  
The World ◽  
Drug Policies ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Almost All

Bangladesh approved the proposal for a National Drug Policy on May 29, 1982. We know that such drug policies are developed gradually over a period of time and may contain a lot of comprehensive documents. But in Bangladesh, the expert committee worked out the policy, based on 16 standards within 15 days. This vital document, almost unchanged, was made a law on 12 June 1982. A few years later, it can be observed that despite opposition from many concerns, the output of essential drugs has increased from about 30 to about 80 percent, prices have in almost all cases gone down considerably, the domestic industry has grown rapidly, the quality of its production has increased dramatically, and people’s awareness about quality medicines has been steadily growing. The World Health Organization (WHO) has stressed the need of a formulated drug policy in every country of the world in 1986. Bangladesh responded very early to this respect. Subsequently, two more national drug policies were promulgated in 2005 and 2016 respectively. Experience over the decades has shown that the said policies could not fulfill the declared objective of ensuring health for all. Our aim is to describe some of the lacunae for which total implementation of drug policy is still struggling. To find the root causes, a total of five hundred volunteers were surveyed by supplying a questionnaire on drug policy. It was observed that most of the participants opined that the incumbent government needs to be more stringent to implement the drug policy into reality by utilizing the public servants and public sectors, especially health personnel to ensure health for all. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(1): 41-48, 2021 (June)

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