2. Inventing the saints

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.1093/actrade/9780199676514.003.0002 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Simon Yarrow

Keyword(s):

North Africa ◽

Jesus Christ ◽

Asia Minor ◽

Christian Church ◽

Early Christian ◽

Death Of Jesus ◽

Diverse Communities ◽

The Mediterranean

Sainthood took on its most familiar forms from the death of Jesus c.33 ce to the decades following the Council of Chalcedon in 451 ce. The early Christian church was an urban diaspora spread around the Mediterranean littoral, Hispania, Gaul, Asia Minor, North Africa, and Palestine. But who among these diverse communities were saints? ‘Inventing the saints’ describes the earliest saints as apostles who were ‘sanctified’ through their common associations with Jesus Christ. It outlines persecution, early Christian martyrdom, Donatism, asceticism, monasticism, and eremeticism, and introduces St Paul and St Antony. By the end of the 5th century the martyr, the ascetic, and the confessor had become the most important forms of Christian sainthood.

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The Influence of Mother Wisdom on Augustine

Open Theology ◽

10.1515/opth-2020-0155 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 238-247

Author(s):

Kitty Bouwman

Keyword(s):

Jesus Christ ◽

Christian Faith ◽

Wisdom Literature ◽

Christian Church ◽

Early Christian ◽

Ben Sira ◽

Church Father ◽

Wisdom Theology ◽

Divine Mother ◽

The Church

Abstract The Book of Ben Sira was popular in the early Christian church and influenced the Church Father Augustine (354–430). He adopts the person of Wisdom as a divine mother and adapts her within the context of the early Christian church. He links to Mother Wisdom a wisdom theology, in which Jesus is her envoy. Augustine describes Mother Wisdom as an eternal nourishing divine mother. She has a permanent revelatory status by continuously giving life-giving power, which she mediates through Jesus of Nazareth. He presents her grace which she has prepared for the competentes (the candidates for Baptism), who are working towards initiation into Christian Faith. Mother Wisdom serves as hostess in biblical Wisdom literature. For Augustine, Jesus Christ has taken this place. Mother Wisdom serves instead the angels and the spiritual persons as a representative of divine nourishment.

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Death is Swallowed Up in Victory: Scenes of Death in Early Christian Art and the Emergence of Crucifixion Iconography

Cultural Studies Review ◽

10.5130/csr.v17i1.1977 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Felicity Harley McGowan

Keyword(s):

Visual Language ◽

Fifth Century ◽

Visual Interpretation ◽

Christian Church ◽

Judas Iscariot ◽

Early Christian ◽

Christian Art ◽

Death Of Jesus ◽

The Cross ◽

Pictorial Representations

Christianity, and the instrument of Jesus’ death, the cross, remains the pivotal, and universally recognised, symbol of the Christian Church. Yet pictorial representations of the death of Jesus are conspicuously rare in the earliest Christian art. Moreover, the earliest surviving images of Jesus’ Crucifixion do not depict him dead on the cross, but defiantly alive – a visual interpretation of the event that incorporates both the means of his execution and his subsequent victory over death in the Resurrection. This article examines the iconography of a small ivory plaque, carved in Rome in the early fifth century, whereon the Crucifixion is juxtaposed with the suicide of Jesus’ betrayer, Judas Iscariot (Matthew 27 3:5) to effect a powerful visual interpretation of Jesus’ death. As the earliest surviving visual narration of Jesus’ Crucifixion and Resurrection, the ivory will be shown to preserve critical information regarding the interpretation of Christ’s death in the early Christian church - incorporating symbols and visual motifs from pagan funerary sculpture, while illustrating the development of a specifically Christian visual language for the representation of Jesus’ death.

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Stone use in Roman towns: Resources, transport, products and clients: Case study Sirmium: First report

Starinar ◽

10.2298/sta0656103d ◽

2006 ◽

pp. 103-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bojan Djuric ◽

Jasmina Davidovic ◽

Andreja Maver ◽

Harald Müller

Keyword(s):

North Africa ◽

Eastern Alps ◽

Project Work ◽

Asia Minor ◽

White Marble ◽

First Report ◽

Stone Monuments ◽

The Mediterranean

The project work in 2006 season included the analysis of stone monuments held at the Museum of Srem as well as their documentation. For limestone used at Sirmium at least two sources were established: Lithotypes I and III came from the Dardagani quarry along the Drina River, while Lithotype II most probably came from the wider area of Pannonia along the Danube. White marble was coming to Sirmium from the 1st to the 3rd century predominantly from the Eastern Alps (Gummern, Pohorje), from the end of the 3rd century also from the Mediterranean (Luni, Paros, Dokimeion, Proconnesos), while colored marble, tied to the imperial architecture at Sirmium, was being imported from imperial and other quarries across the Mediterranean (North Africa Italy, Asia Minor, Greece).

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Danaus chrysippus chrysippus (Linnaeus, 1758) ff. 'alcippus' and 'alcippoides' (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Danainae) from Cyprus

Entomologist s Gazette ◽

10.31184/g00138894.703.1723 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 135-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eddie John ◽

Richard I. Vane-Wright

Keyword(s):

Middle East ◽

North Africa ◽

Recent Observation ◽

Old World ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Old World Tropics ◽

Vast Range ◽

Previous Occasion

We report a recent observation of D. c. chrysippus f. 'alcippus' in Cyprus, a variant of the Plain Tiger or African Queen butterfly infrequently seen in the Mediterranean, especially in the east of the region. D. c. chrysippus f. 'alcippus' appears to have been recorded from Cyprus on just one previous occasion, by R. E. Ellison, in 1939. However, a specimen of the similar f. 'alcippoides' collected by D. M. A. Bate in Cyprus in 1901 could perhaps be the source of Ellison's otherwise undocumented claim. These records are assessed in relation to the known distributions of the various forms of D. chrysippus across the Mediterranean, North Africa and Middle East, and more briefly with respect to the vast range of this butterfly across much of the Old World tropics and subtropics. The ambiguity and potential confusion caused by using an available name to designate both a geographically circumscribed subspecies or semispecies, and a genetically controlled phenotype that can be found far beyond the range of the putative subspecies or semispecies, is also discussed.

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Understanding the Importance of Community Practice for Christian Social Workers

Social Work & Christianity ◽

10.34043/swc.v47i3.174 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 6-15

Author(s):

Kevin J. Brown ◽

Gaynor Yancey

Keyword(s):

Social Workers ◽

Change Process ◽

Sense Of Belonging ◽

Planned Change ◽

Community Practice ◽

Work Skills ◽

Christian Church ◽

Early Christian ◽

Book Of Acts ◽

Acts 2

The start of the early Christian church is recounted in the book of Acts. In Acts 2 (NKJV) shares that after the outpouring of the Spirit of God, over 3,000 believers gather themselves together, where they “held everything in common, shared their resources, and that each person’s needs were met (Acts 2:42, The Message). The following article takes a bird’s eye view that assists us, as social workers, in understanding the importance of community practice. Community calls us to a sense of belonging and inclusion with a group of people. Community also calls us to consider again our shared values and resources. This article grounds us in the Biblical narrative, moves to our social work skills and knowledge base, and then concludes with thoughts that encourage us to address the “wicked problems” by being disruptive forces in the planned change process which is at the heart of community practice.

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The Crucifixion in the Qur’an: Answering Muslim’s Claims Regarding the Death of Jesus Christ

Transformation An International Journal of Holistic Mission Studies ◽

10.1177/0265378821994216 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 026537882199421

Author(s):

Sherene Nicholas Khouri

Keyword(s):

Jesus Christ ◽

Death Of Jesus ◽

Christian Worldview ◽

The Cross

Was Jesus crucified on the cross? Did Jesus die by crucifixion? This topic generates so much emotion and conflict in Christian-Islamic dialogue as many theories have developed to prove one side of the equation. While several methods can answer Islamic objections against the biblical belief, the evidential Apologetics is the best method to provide evidence for the Christian claims. Evidential Apologetics is one of the methods that seeks to prove the truthfulness of the Christian worldview by showing historical and scientific evidences. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to use the evidential method to answer three major objections that Muslims raise against the crucifixion of Jesus: Jesus was never crucified, the swoon theory, and the substitute theory. The paper will conclude that there are surmounted historical and scientific evidences that support the event of Jesus’s crucifixion.

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