Thomas Hennessey. The First Northern Ireland Peace Process: Power-Sharing, Sunningdale and the IRA Ceasefires, 1972–76.

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 256-257
Author(s):  
Shaun McDaid
Author(s):  
Matthew Whiting

Radical groups often agree to trade in their revolutionary ways in return for democratic reforms which give them a greater stake in power or increased opportunities to gain power. As part of the peace process, republicans engaged in democratic bargaining over the design of new institutions to govern Northern Ireland. In this process it is possible to identify clear stages in republican strategy that entailed extensive moderation in return for what republicans perceived as the democratisation of political opportunities for nationalists. This process brought republicans into increasing contact with mainstream nationalism and republicans agreed to make themselves ‘coalitionable’ to build an alliances with these groups. During the negotiations republicans compromised their revolutionary positions and use of violence in return for institutional and credible guarantees that their goals could be pursued through political channels. Republicans aspired to use the peace process to transition to a united Ireland and the implementation phase was about trying to balance accepting the new power-sharing institutions as providing a system of political order but limiting their permanence and only accepting them on condition that they allowed for an opportunity to transition to a united Ireland.


Author(s):  
Carolyn Gallaher

Research on decommissioning usually falls within a larger literature on disarmament-demobilization-reintegration (DDR). Although much of the literature on DDR treats it as a single process, some scholars have narrowed in on the process of disarmament (or decommissioning as it was called in Northern Ireland). This work makes several assumptions. First, a process for disarmament is usually an integral part of most peace processes. Second, international third parties are crucial to the process. Third, failure to decommission quickly or in full faith is usually a sign that violence between parties will resume. This chapter argues that decommissioning in Northern Ireland’s peace process does not conform to theoretical expectations about the role of decommissioning. In Northern Ireland peace makers avoided establishing a detailed process for decommissioning because many worried such details would thwart a deal. Though the failure to decommission did have political consequences—the power sharing Assembly at the centre of the Agreement was shuttered for several years—it did not lead a resumption of violence between parties. Rather, delays in the process contributed to spikes in internal violence.


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