scholarly journals Alkaline diets favor lean tissue mass in older adults

2008 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 662-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bess Dawson-Hughes ◽  
Susan S Harris ◽  
Lisa Ceglia
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Lean Tissue Mass

The Effect of Bovine Colostrum Supplementation in Older Adults During Resistance Training

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney R.D. Duff ◽  
Philip D. Chilibeck ◽  
Julianne J. Rooke ◽  
Mojtaba Kaviani ◽  
Joel R. Krentz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Bovine Colostrum ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Lean Tissue Mass ◽  
Leg Press

Bovine colostrum is the first milk secreted by cows after parturition and has high levels of protein, immunoglobulins, and various growth factors. We determined the effects of 8 weeks of bovine colostrum supplementation versus whey protein during resistance training in older adults. Males (N = 15, 59.1 ± 5.4 y) and females (N = 25, 59.0 ± 6.7 y) randomly received (double-blind) 60g/d of colostrum or whey protein complex (containing 38g protein) while participating in a resistance training program (12 exercises, 3 sets of 8–12 reps, 3 days/week). Strength (bench press and leg press 1-RM), body composition (by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry), muscle thickness of the biceps and quadriceps (by ultrasound), cognitive function (by questionnaire), plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and C-reactive protein (CRP, as a marker of inflammation), and urinary N-telopeptides (Ntx, a marker of bone resorption) were determined before and after the intervention. Participants on colostrum increased leg press strength (24 ± 29 kg; p < .01) to a greater extent than participants on whey protein (8 ± 16 kg) and had a greater reduction in Ntx compared with participants on whey protein (–15 ± 40% vs. 10 ± 42%; p < .05). Bench press strength, muscle thickness, lean tissue mass, bone mineral content, and cognitive scores increased over time (p < .05) with no difference between groups. There were no changes in IGF-1 or CRP. Colostrum supplementation during resistance training was beneficial for increasing leg press strength and reducing bone resorption in older adults. Both colostrum and whey protein groups improved upper body strength, muscle thickness, lean tissue mass, and cognitive function.

scholarly journals Protein Supplementation at Breakfast and Lunch for 24 Weeks beyond Habitual Intakes Increases Whole-Body Lean Tissue Mass in Healthy Older Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Norton ◽  
Clodagh Toomey ◽  
William G McCormack ◽  
Peter Francis ◽  
Jean Saunders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Lean Tissue Mass ◽  
Healthy Older Adults

Strategic creatine supplementation and resistance training in healthy older adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 689-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren G. Candow ◽  
Emelie Vogt ◽  
Sarah Johannsmeyer ◽  
Scott C. Forbes ◽  
Jonathan P. Farthing
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Lean Tissue Mass ◽  
Leg Press ◽  
Repeated Measures Design

Creatine supplementation in close proximity to resistance training may be an important strategy for increasing muscle mass and strength; however, it is unknown whether creatine supplementation before or after resistance training is more effective for aging adults. Using a double-blind, repeated measures design, older adults (50–71 years) were randomized to 1 of 3 groups: creatine before (CR-B: n = 15; creatine (0.1 g/kg) immediately before resistance training and placebo (0.1 g/kg cornstarch maltodextrin) immediately after resistance training), creatine after (CR-A: n = 12; placebo immediately before resistance training and creatine immediately after resistance training), or placebo (PLA: n = 12; placebo immediately before and immediately after resistance training) for 32 weeks. Prior to and following the study, body composition (lean tissue, fat mass; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and muscle strength (1-repetition maximum leg press and chest press) were assessed. There was an increase over time for lean tissue mass and muscle strength and a decrease in fat mass (p < 0.05). CR-A resulted in greater improvements in lean tissue mass (Δ 3.0 ± 1.9 kg) compared with PLA (Δ 0.5 ± 2.1 kg; p < 0.025). Creatine supplementation, independent of the timing of ingestion, increased muscle strength more than placebo (leg press: CR-B, Δ 36.6 ± 26.6 kg; CR-A, Δ 40.8 ± 38.4 kg; PLA, Δ 5.6 ± 35.1 kg; chest press: CR-B, Δ 15.2 ± 13.0 kg; CR-A, Δ 15.7 ± 12.5 kg; PLA, Δ 1.9 ± 14.7 kg; p < 0.025). Compared with resistance training alone, creatine supplementation improves muscle strength, with greater gains in lean tissue mass resulting from post-exercise creatine supplementation.

scholarly journals Meta-Analysis Examining the Importance of Creatine Ingestion Strategies on Lean Tissue Mass and Strength in Older Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1912
Author(s):  
Scott C. Forbes ◽  
Darren G. Candow ◽  
Sergej M. Ostojic ◽  
Michael D. Roberts ◽  
Philip D. Chilibeck
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Lean Tissue Mass ◽  
Leg Press ◽  
Meta Analyses

Creatine supplementation in conjunction with resistance training (RT) augments gains in lean tissue mass and strength in aging adults; however, there is a large amount of heterogeneity between individual studies that may be related to creatine ingestion strategies. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to (1) perform updated meta-analyses comparing creatine vs. placebo (independent of dosage and frequency of ingestion) during a resistance training program on measures of lean tissue mass and strength, (2) perform meta-analyses examining the effects of different creatine dosing strategies (lower: ≤5 g/day and higher: >5 g/day), with and without a creatine-loading phase (≥20 g/day for 5–7 days), and (3) perform meta-analyses determining whether creatine supplementation only on resistance training days influences measures of lean tissue mass and strength. Overall, creatine (independent of dosing strategy) augments lean tissue mass and strength increase from RT vs. placebo. Subanalyses showed that creatine-loading followed by lower-dose creatine (≤5 g/day) increased chest press strength vs. placebo. Higher-dose creatine (>5 g/day), with and without a creatine-loading phase, produced significant gains in leg press strength vs. placebo. However, when studies involving a creatine-loading phase were excluded from the analyses, creatine had no greater effect on chest press or leg press strength vs. placebo. Finally, creatine supplementation only on resistance training days significantly increased measures of lean tissue mass and strength vs. placebo.

Abstract P330: Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Causes Cardiac Cachexia In Heart Failure

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Young Lee ◽  
Zhe Jiao ◽  
Andrew Antolic ◽  
Daiana Weiss ◽  
M. Neale Weitzmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Cardiac Fibrosis ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Lean Tissue Mass ◽  
Growth Differentiation Factor 15 ◽  
Tissue Weight ◽  
Reduced Fat ◽  
Differentiation Factor

Background: Cachexia is wasting of normal body tissue and occurs in chronic medical diseases. It is a common complication of heart failure (HF) that is associated with very high mortality. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) regulates food intake and can cause cancer cachexia. GDF15 is a sensitive biomarker in humans, though its biologic function in HF is unknown. This study investigated the role of GDF15 in HF. Methods: We utilized a genetic mouse model of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) caused by a mutation in the phospholamban gene (PLN R9C ). PLN R9C mice have dysregulated cardiac calcium handling (a common feature of nearly all forms of HF) and develop progressive DCM that leads to HF and premature death. Q-PCR and ELISA were performed to assess expression, tissue distribution and circulating levels of GDF15 in PLN R9C and age-matched wild type (WT) mice. A double transgenic mouse was created by crossing our DCM model with a constitutive Gdf15 knock-out (KO). Using this novel model, we quantified food intake, and assessed fat and lean tissue mass by tissue weight at necropsy and by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Cardiac function was assessed using echocardiography, and histochemistry performed to quantify cardiac fibrosis. Survival was assessed by Kaplan-Meier. Results: GDF15 mRNA (43-fold; p<0.01) and protein (54-fold; p<0.01) were increased in LV tissue, and circulating GDF15 was elevated (8.3-fold; p=0.03) in PLN R9C mice. Gdf15 was expressed at low levels and was not increased in other organs in PLN R9C mice. PLN R9C mice developed cachexia (reduced fat and lean mass by tissue weight, reduced fat mass by DXA vs. WT; p<0.01 for all) and consumed less food (p<0.01 vs. WT). Gdf15 KO in PLN R9C preserved fat and lean tissue mass and resulted in higher food intake (p≤0.01 for all). Gdf15 KO had no effect on cardiac structure or function by echocardiography and PLN R9C / Gdf15 KO mice displayed only a small reduction in cardiac fibrosis relative to PLN R9C mice (3%; p<0.01). Despite this, Gdf15 KO prolonged survival in PLN R9C (29±3 vs. 25±3 weeks; p<0.01). Conclusions: GDF15 is a novel cardiac hormone produced in HF that triggers anorexia and cachexia in HF by an extra-cardiac mechanism.

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