scholarly journals A-212 The Relationships between PAI over-reporting SVTs and PVTs in a Military Sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1007-1007
Author(s):  
Armistead-Jehle P ◽  
Ingram P ◽  
Morris N
Keyword(s):  
Impression Management ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Performance Validity ◽  
Military Health ◽  
Validity Testing ◽  
T Score ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Validity Testing ◽  
Negative Impression

Abstract Objective Recent research has worked to explore the relationships between symptom and performance validity testing. The current study sought to examine the association between PAI over-reporting SVTs and well validated stand-alone and embedded PVTs. Methods Retrospective review of 468 active duty Army cases referred for outpatient neuropsychological testing at a Military Health Center. Each subject was administered the PAI, MSVT, NV-MSVT, and RBANS Effort Index. Groups were defined in two ways, as valid (0 PVT failures) or invalid (1 or more PVT failures) and based on the number of failed PVTs (0, 1, 2, and 3). Results Partial results are summarized here for the valid/invalid analysis. The PAI Negative Impression Management (NIM), Multi-Feigning Index (MFI), and Malingering Index (MAL) differed significantly as a function of PVT performance (p < .05). Differences on Rogers Discriminant Function were not significant. AUC for NIM, MAL, and MFI were .69, .66, and .54 (respectively). AUC for RDF was unacceptable at .49. At a T-score of 64 the NIM scale had specificity of .91, sensitivity of .32 and at a T-score of 59 the MAL had specificity of .91 and sensitivity of .14. Conclusions There appears an association between PVTs and PAI over-reporting scales, such that elevations on the NIM, MAL, and MFI scales are related to PVT failure. However, the sensitives of these scales are limited in predicting PVT failure. To this end, the current data are in line with previous studies that indicate the need to administer both performance and symptom validity scales.

scholarly journals Self-efficacy and Performance Validity Testing in Active Duty Service Members

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 834-834
Author(s):  
P Armistead-Jehle ◽  
C Grills
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Service Members ◽  
Performance Validity ◽  
Perceived Injustice ◽  
Nocebo Effect ◽  
Validity Testing ◽  
Validity Test ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Validity Testing

Abstract Objective The base rate of performance validity test (PVT) failure in the military has been relatively well established and averages approximately 33% in clinical and 50% in disability samples, respectively. Secondary gain is an omnipresent concern; however, frank malingering may not account for all cases of PVT failure. As a result, other psychological and social factors potentially associated with PVT failure have been suggested and include nocebo effect, diagnosis threat, perceived injustice, and loss aversion. Self-efficacy has been associated with a range of medical and psychological conditions and outcomes. It was hypothesized that self-efficacy would be among the psychosocial factors impacting PVT failure. Method A retrospective review of 263 US Service Members administered the MMPI-2-RF and the Medical Symptom Validity Test (MSVT) and/or the Non-Verbal MSVT (NV-MSVT) in the context of neuropsychological assessments was conducted. Results Correlations between the MMPI-2-RF Inefficacy sub-scale (NFC) and MSVT and NV-MSVT were not statistically significant (r = -0.10, p = .12 & r = -.04, p = .53, respectively). Moreover, the Inefficacy sub-scale did not significantly differ as a function of PVT performance (non-significant t-tests) and effect sizes were low (Cohen’s d of .22 [MSVT] and .11 [NV-MSVT]). Conclusions Contrary to initial expectations, the current data failed to demonstrate a reliable relationship between self-efficacy and PVT performances. While various psychosocial variables have been associated with performance validity testing, it appears that self-efficacy is not.

“Must try harder.” Is effort and performance validity testing a necessary part of pediatric neuropsychological assessment?

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
James Tonks ◽  
Charlotte Katie Whitfield ◽  
W. Huw Williams ◽  
Alan M. Slater ◽  
Ian J. Frampton
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Performance Validity ◽  
Validity Testing ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Validity Testing

If Invalid PVT Scores Are Obtained, Can Valid Neuropsychological Profiles Be Believed?

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1192-1202
Author(s):  
David W Loring ◽  
Felicia C Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Memory Performance ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Performance Validity ◽  
Validity Testing ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Neuropsychological Profile ◽  
Aged Woman ◽  
Middle Aged Woman ◽  
Performance Validity Testing

Abstract Background Performance Validity Testing (PVT) decision-making rules may be indeterminate in patients with neurological disease in which PVT characteristics have not been adequately studied. We report a patient with multiple sclerosis (MS) who failed computerized PVT testing but had normal memory scores with a neuropsychological profile consistent with expected MS disease-related weaknesses. Method Neuropsychological testing was conducted on two occasions in a middle-aged woman with an established MS diagnosis to address concerns of possible memory decline. Testing was discontinued after PVT scores below recommended cut-points were obtained during the first evaluation. During the second assessment, subthreshold PVT scores on a different computerized PVT were obtained, but unlike the first assessment, the entire neuropsychological protocol was administered. Results Despite subthreshold computerized PVT scores, normal learning and memory performance was obtained providing objective data to answer the referral question. Other neuropsychological findings included decreased processing speed, poor working memory, and poor executive function consistent with her MS diagnosis. Embedded PVT scores were normal. Conclusions We speculate that poor computerized PVT scores resulted from the disease-related features of MS, although we also discuss approaches to reconcile apparently contradictory PVT versus neuropsychological results if the contributions of disease-related variables on PVTs scores are discounted. This case demonstrates the value of completing the assessment protocol despite obtaining PVT scores below publisher recommended cutoffs in clinical evaluations. If subthreshold PVT scores are considered evidence of performance invalidity, it is still necessary to have an approach for interpreting seemingly credible neuropsychological test results rather than simply dismissing them as invalid.

scholarly journals Effects of Distraction on Performance Validity: A Pilot Study with Veterans

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1432-1437
Author(s):  
Robert D Shura ◽  
Katherine H Taber ◽  
Patrick Armistead-Jehle ◽  
John H Denning ◽  
Jared A Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Performance Validity ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Validity Testing ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Cognitive Distraction ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Symptom Validity Test ◽  
Performance Validity Testing ◽  
Ice Water

Abstract Objective The purpose of this experimental pilot study was to evaluate whether distraction can affect results of performance validity testing. Method Thirty-three veterans who have served in the US military since 09/11/2001 (Mage = 38.60, SD = 10.85 years) completed the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM), Trail Making Test, and Medical Symptom Validity Test (MSVT). Subjects were randomly assigned to complete the MSVT in one of three experimental conditions: standard administration, while performing serial 2 s (Cognitive Distraction), and while submerging a hand in ice water (Physical Distraction). Results All participants included in primary analyses passed the TOMM (n = 30). Physical distraction did not affect performance on the MSVT. Cognitive distraction negatively affected MSVT performance. Conclusions Cognitive distraction can substantially affect MSVT performance in a subgroup of individuals. Physical distraction did not significantly affect MSVT performance.

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