scholarly journals Platelet-Rich Fibrin Improves Fat Graft Survival Possibly by Promoting Angiogenesis and Adipogenesis, Inhibiting Apoptosis, and Regulating Collagen Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. NP530-NP545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panxi Yu ◽  
Zhen Zhai ◽  
Haibin Lu ◽  
Xiaolei Jin ◽  
Xiaonan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Graft Survival ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Fat Graft ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Weight Retention ◽  
Collagen Production ◽  
Platelet Rich Fibrin ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Cellular Apoptosis

Abstract Background Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) can promote fat graft survival, but limited data are currently available, and the underlying mechanism of this effect has not yet been explained. Objectives The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism by which PRF promotes fat graft survival, from the aspects of angiogenesis, adipogenesis, cellular apoptosis, and collagen production. Methods Nude mice were randomly assigned to a PRF group (subcutaneously injected with PRF and fat in the ratio of 1:5 by volume) and a control group (subcutaneously injected with normal saline and fat in the ratio of 1:5 by volume). On days 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after transplantation, graft samples (n = 12) were obtained for quantification of target growth factors. In weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4 after transplantation, graft samples (n = 12) were obtained for the following evaluations. The volume and weight retention rates were calculated; gene and protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ), COL1-A1, and BAX were evaluated; hematoxylin & eosin staining, Masson’s trichrome staining, α smooth muscle actin staining, and perilipin-1 staining were performed to evaluate graft survival. Results After transplantation, the concentrations of growth factors produced by the fat increased to varying degrees, and the addition of PRF made these concentration changes ever greater. Compared with the control group, the PRF group had a higher volume and weight retention rate, a higher expression level of VEGF-A and PPAR-γ, a lower expression level of COL1-A1 and BAX, a higher vessel density, less fibrosis, and more viable adipocytes. Conclusions PRF can promote autocrine function of the grafted fat to produce more growth factors. It greatly increased fat retention rate, possibly by promoting vascularization and adipogenic differentiation, inhibiting cellular apoptosis, and regulating collagen production.

Long-Term Effects of Platelet-Rich Fibrin on Fat Graft Survival and Their Optimal Mixing Ratio

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panxi Yu ◽  
Xiaonan Yang ◽  
Zhen Zhai ◽  
Qiuni Gao ◽  
Zhenyu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Graft Survival ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Fat Graft ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Optimal Mixing

Abstract Background Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) can promote fat graft survival. But the reported mixing ratio of PRF and fat ranges from 1:25 to 1:2, lacking a clear standard for clinical application. Objectives Explore the long-term effects of PRF on the grafted fat, and their optimal mixing ratio. Methods Nude mice were randomly divided into a control group (receiving subcutaneous injection of fat granules) and 4 PRF groups (receiving subcutaneous injection of PRF and fat granules at a volume ratio of 1:5, 1:10, 1:15, and 1:20, respectively). The graft samples (n=12) were obtained in weeks 4, 8 and 12 to (1) calculate retention rates, (2) evaluate gene and protein expression of VEGF-A, PPAR-γ, COL1-A1, and BAX, (3) perform H&E, Masson’s trichrome, α-SMA, and periplipin-1 stainings, and (4) count the microvessels and viable adipocytes. Results Compared with the control group, PRF groups had higher retention rates, a higher gene/protein expression of VEGF-A, a lower gene/protein expression of COL1-A1 and BAX, less fibrosis, and more microvessels and viable adipocytes. Group 1:10 was superior than other groups in terms of retention rates and other evaluation indexes. The expression of PPAR-γ had no significant difference among groups. Conclusions PRF may not play a long-term effect on adipogenesis. But it can still promote fat graft survival through facilitating vascularization, regulating collagen production and inhibiting apoptosis. PRF can achieve the best promoting effect when the mixing ratio of PRF and fat is 1:10, which is recommended as the optimal ratio for clinical application.

A Systematic Review on Extracellular Vesicles-Enriched Fat Grafting: A Shifting Paradigm

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ghiasloo ◽  
Laura De Wilde ◽  
Kashika Singh ◽  
Patrick Tonnard ◽  
Alexis Verpaele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Graft Survival ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Fat Grafting ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Fat Graft ◽  
Cochrane Central Register

Abstract Background Recent evidence confirms that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) facilitate angiogenesis mainly through paracrine function. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are regarded as key components of the cell secretome, possessing functional properties of their source cells. Subsequently, MSC-EVs have emerged as a novel cell-free approach to improve fat graft retention rate. Objectives To provide a systematic review of all studies reporting the use of MSC-EVs to improve graft retention rate. Methods A systematic search was undertaken using the Embase, PubMed and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. Outcome measures included donor/receptor organism of the fat graft, study model, intervention groups, evaluation intervals, EV research data, in vitro and in vivo results. Results Of the total 1717 articles, 62 full-texts were screened. Seven studies reporting on 294mice were included. Overall, EV treated groups showed higher graft retention rates compared to untreated groups. Notably, retention rate was similar following EV- and MSC-treatment. In addition to reduced inflammation, graft enrichment with EVs resulted in early revascularization and better graft integrity. Interestingly, hypoxic preconditioning of MSCs improved their beneficial paracrine effects and led to a more proangiogenic EV population, as observed by both in vitro and in vivo results. Conclusions MSC-EVs appear to offer an interesting cell-free alternative to improve fat graft survival. While their clinical relevance remains to be determined, it is clear that not the cells, but their secretome is essential for graft survival. Thus, a paradigm shift from cell-assisted lipotransfer towards ‘secretome-assisted lipotransfer’ is well on its way.

scholarly journals A Clinical Study of Platelet-Rich Fibrin Combined With Autologous High-Density Fat Transplantation in Augmentation Rhinoplasty

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132110169
Author(s):  
Dan Yan ◽  
Shuai-Hua Li ◽  
An-Li Zhang ◽  
Yao Xiao ◽  
Ze-Chun Huang
Keyword(s):  
Retention Rate ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
High Density ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Fat Transplantation ◽  
Augmentation Rhinoplasty ◽  
Platelet Rich Fibrin ◽  
Autologous Fat

Objective: This study was designed to analyze the clinical effect of autologous fat-granule transplantation in augmentation rhinoplasty and explore methods to improve the fat retention rate. Methods: A total of 70 enrolled patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: the platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) combined with high-density fat transplantation group (combined group) and the conventional fat-granule transplantation group (control group; n = 35 in each group). In the combined group, an appropriate amount of autologous fat was extracted and centrifuged, and the lower layer of high-density fat was taken and mixed with PRF isolated from whole blood for autotransplantation. In the control group, only fat was extracted and centrifuged for transplantation. The patients were followed up with for more than one year to observe the short- and long-term effects, complications, safety, and patient satisfaction. Results: Six months after the operation, the nasal shape was stable, the contour was higher and more stereoscopic than before, the average increase of nasal height was 3.0 mm in the combined group and 2.0 mm in the control group. No complications, such as fat embolism, infection, or necrosis occurred during the 1-year follow-up. The satisfaction rate between the 2 groups has statistical significance ( P < .05). Conclusion: Overall, PRF combined with autologous high-density fat transplantation is simple to perform, has a significantly increased fat-retention rate than the control group, and has stable long-term effects without obvious adverse reactions. A sufficient amount of fat and PRF transplantation can achieve a good orthopedic effect. Thus, this method can be widely used in clinical augmentation rhinoplasty.

The Effects of Vasonatrin Peptide on Fat Graft Viability: An Experimental Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih Irmak ◽  
Mert Sizmaz ◽  
Selami Serhat Sirvan ◽  
Semra Karsidag ◽  
Aysim Ozagari
Keyword(s):  
Graft Survival ◽  
Cyst Formation ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
Fat Graft ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Fat Injection ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Fat Grafts

AbstractVasonatrin peptide (VNP) is a synthetic peptide that possesses vasodilatory, natriuretic, and anti-inflammatory properties. The authors aimed to analyze the effects of VNP on fat graft survival. Twenty Sprague–Dawley rats are randomly divided into two groups of 10. Fat grafts are harvested from the right inguinal region. After preparation, fat grafts are placed to the interscapular region. The first group of rats were administered VNP after their fat injection, while the second group received tail-vein injections of an equal volume of sterile saline following their fat injection. Experiment and control groups are evaluated according to their level of degeneration of adipocytes, fat necrosis, vacuolization, cyst formation in adipocytes, fibrosis of the fat tissue, capillary density, and CD31 immunohistochemical staining. Degeneration, vacuolization, and cyst formation in adipocytes were lower in the experiment group. Increased capillary density in the experiment group was demonstrated by CD31 antibody staining and by counting capillary density under a microscope. The average percentage of change in weight of the fat grafts in the experiment group was lower than that in the control group. The results indicate that VNP has some beneficial effects on fat graft survival by multiple independent mechanisms that influence both local and systemic homeostasis.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Effects of Repeated Applications of Platelet-Rich Plasma versus Platelet-Poor Plasma on Fat Graft Survival in Nude Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Junjie Li ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Xiao Shi ◽  
Pijun Yu
Keyword(s):  
Graft Survival ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Fat Grafting ◽  
Fat Graft ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Survival Ratio ◽  
Platelet Poor Plasma ◽  
Fat Grafts

Autologous fat grafting has been widely used for soft tissue filling in plastic surgery. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) could play a wide role in health and disease because of containing a variety of growth factors and cytokines. Although previous studies have described the positive effect of autologous PRP mixed with fat grafts, only minimal improvements in fat graft survival have been reported. The present study is aimed at comparing the effects of PRP and platelet-poor plasma (PPP) on the survival and quality of fat grafting. We built a 180-day nude mouse model implanted with a fat graft supplemented with PRP, PPP, or saline, respectively. The above reagents (PRP, PPP, or saline) were injected two additional times after the initial engraftment. The survival ratio of the fat grafts and the capillary density in the PRP group were significantly higher than those in the PPP group and the saline group (control group) at 15, 30, 90, and 180 days posttransplantation ( P < 0.05 ). The survival ratio of the PPP group was higher than that of the saline group ( P < 0.05 ), but the capillary density in the PPP group was not significantly different from that in the saline group at any time point ( P > 0.05 ). We hence conclude that the repeated application of PRP or PPP three times can enhance the survival of fat grafts within 180 days. Moreover, the effect of PRP is superior to that of PPP.

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