The Use of DCE-MRI to Evaluate the Blood Supply to the Nipple-Areola Complex: A Study in 245 Asian Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. NP346-NP354
Author(s):  
Dawei Wang ◽  
Shixuan Xiong ◽  
Tao Ai ◽  
Ning Zeng ◽  
Yuping Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Supply ◽  
Maximum Intensity Projection ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Asian Women ◽  
Dce Mri ◽  
Nipple Areola Complex ◽  
Areola Complex ◽  
Breast Plastic Surgery ◽  
Small Sample Sizes

Abstract Background Understanding the main blood supply to the nipple-areola complex (NAC) is important for breast plastic surgery. However, previous reports have involved studies of cadavers and small sample sizes. Objectives This study aimed to identify and classify the in vivo blood supply to the NAC based on dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). Methods DCE-MRI images of 393 breasts in 245 Asian women obtained from March 2012 to October 2019 were included retrospectively. Axial, coronal, and sagittal maximum-intensity projection images were evaluated to identify all vessels supplying the NAC. Blood supply to the NAC was classified into 9 anatomic zones: superomedial (Ia), medial (Ib), inferomedial (Ic), superolateral (IIa), lateral (IIb), inferolateral (IIc), central (III), inferior (IV), and superior (V). Results A total of 637 source vessels were identified in 393 breasts. Of the 393 breasts, 211 (53.7%) were supplied by a single zone, 132 (33.6%) by 2 zones, 38 (9.7%) by 3 zones, and 12 (3.1%) by 4 zones. Of the 637 vessels, 269 (42.2%) vessels were in zone Ia, 180 (28.3%) vessels were in zone IIa, and <10% of vessels were in the other zones. The number of NAC perfusion zones (P = 0.093) and the distribution of source vessels (P = 0.602) did not differ significantly between the left and right breasts. Conclusions DCE-MRI provides a clear indication of the blood supply to the NAC. Blood vessels from the superomedial and superolateral zones were the predominant sources of blood supplying the NAC.

scholarly journals The Influence of Genetic Variants on Striatal Dopamine Transporter and D2 Receptor Binding after TB

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1328-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy K Wagner ◽  
Joelle M Scanion ◽  
Carl R Becker ◽  
Anne C Ritter ◽  
Christian Niyonkuru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
D2 Receptor ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Small Sample Sizes ◽  
Future Work

Dopamine (DA) neurotransmission influences cognition and recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBI). We explored whether functional genetic variants affecting the DA transporter (DAT) and D2 receptor (DRD2) impacted in vivo dopaminergic binding with positron emission tomography (PET) using [11C]βCFT and [11C]raclopride. We examined subjects with moderate/severe TBI ( N = 12) ~1 year post injury and similarly matched healthy controls ( N = 13). The variable number of tandem repeat polymorphism within the DAT gene and the Taql restriction fragment length polymorphism near the DRD2 gene were assessed. TBI subjects had age-adjusted DAT-binding reductions in the caudate, putamen, and ventral striatum, and modestly increased D2 binding in ventral striatum versus controls. Despite small sample sizes, multivariate analysis showed lower caudate and putamen DAT binding among DAT 9-allele carriers and DRD2 A2/A2 homozygotes with TBI versus controls with the same genotype. Among TBI subjects, 9-allele carriers had lower caudate and putamen binding than 10/10 homozygotes. This PET study suggests a hypodopaminergic environment and altered DRD2 autoreceptor DAT interactions that may influence DA transmission after TBI. Future work will relate these findings to cognitive performance; future studies are required to determine how DRD2/DAT1 genotype and DA-ligand binding are associated with neurostimulant response and TBI recovery.

scholarly journals The relationship between dose and serotonin transporter occupancy of antidepressants—a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Sørensen ◽  
Henricus G. Ruhé ◽  
Klaus Munkholm
Keyword(s):  
Serotonin Transporter ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Short Treatment ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Small Sample Sizes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Short Treatment Duration

AbstractBrain imaging techniques enable the visualization of serotonin transporter (SERT) occupancy as a measure of the proportion of SERT blocked by an antidepressant at a given dose. We aimed to systematically review the evidence on the relationship between antidepressant dose and SERT occupancy. We searched PubMed and Embase (last search 20 May 2021) for human in vivo, within-subject PET, or SPECT studies measuring SERT occupancy at any dose of any antidepressant with highly selective radioligands ([11C]-DASB, [123I]-ADAM, and [11C]-MADAM). We summarized and visualized the dose-occupancy relationship for antidepressants across studies, overlaying the plots with a curve based on predicted values of a standard 2-parameter Michaelis–Menten model fitted using the observed data. We included seventeen studies of 10 different SSRIs, SNRIs, and serotonin modulators comprising a total of 294 participants, involving 309 unique occupancy measures. Overall, following the Michaelis–Menten equation, SERT occupancy increased with a higher dose in a hyperbolic relationship, with occupancy increasing rapidly at lower doses and reaching a plateau at approximately 80% at the usual minimum recommended dose. All the studies were small, only a few investigated the same antidepressant, dose, and brain region, and few reported information on factors that may influence SERT occupancy. The hyperbolic dose-occupancy relationship may provide mechanistic insight of relevance to the limited clinical benefit of dose-escalation in antidepressant treatment and the potential emergence of withdrawal symptoms. The evidence is limited by non-transparent reporting, lack of standardized methods, small sample sizes, and short treatment duration. Future studies should standardize the imaging and reporting procedures, measure occupancy at lower antidepressant doses, and investigate the moderators of the dose-occupancy relationship.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Infection-Related Coagulopathy and Viscoelastic Methods: A Paradigm for Their Clinical Utility in Critical Illness

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Argirios E. Tsantes ◽  
Andreas G. Tsantes ◽  
Styliani I. Kokoris ◽  
Stefanos Bonovas ◽  
Frantzeska Frantzeskaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Rotational Thromboelastometry ◽  
Coagulation Tests ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
Small Sample Sizes ◽  
Fibrinolysis Shutdown ◽  
Insight Into

Hypercoagulability and thrombosis remain a challenge to diagnose and treat in severe COVID-19 infection. The ability of conventional global coagulation tests to accurately reflect in vivo hypo- or hypercoagulability is questioned. The currently available evidence suggests that markedly increased D-dimers can be used in identifying COVID-19 patients who may need intensive care unit (ICU) admission and close monitoring or not. Viscoelastic methods (VMs), like thromboelastography (TEG) and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM), estimate the dynamics of blood coagulation. The evaluation of coagulopathy by VMs in severe COVID-19 infection seems an increasingly attractive option. Available evidence supports that COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory failure suffer from severe hypercoagulability rather than consumptive coagulopathy often associated with fibrinolysis shutdown. However, the variability in definitions of both the procoagulant profile and the clinical outcome assessment, in parallel with the small sample sizes in most of these studies, do not allow the establishment of a clear association between the hypercoagulable state and thrombotic events. VMs can effectively provide insight into the pathophysiology of coagulopathy, detecting the presence of hypercoagulability in critically ill COVID-19 patients. However, it remains unknown whether the degree of coagulopathy can be used in order to predict the outcome, establish a diagnosis or guide anticoagulant therapy.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs as Salivary Markers for Periodontal Diseases: A New Diagnostic Approach?

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Schmalz ◽  
Simin Li ◽  
Ralph Burkhardt ◽  
Sven Rinke ◽  
Felix Krause ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Case Definitions ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Small Sample Sizes ◽  
Noninvasive Markers

The aim of this review is to discuss current findings regarding the roles of miRNAs in periodontal diseases and the potential use of saliva as a diagnostic medium for corresponding miRNA investigations. For periodontal disease, investigations have been restricted to tissue samples and five miRNAs, that is, miR-142-3p, miR-146a, miR-155, miR-203, and miR-223, were repeatedly validated in vivo and in vitro by different validation methods. Particularly noticeable are the small sample sizes, different internal controls, and different case definitions of periodontitis in in vivo studies. Beside of that, the validated miRNAs are associated with inflammation and therefore with various diseases. Furthermore, several studies successfully explored the use of salivary miRNA species for the diagnosis of oral cancer. Different cancer types were investigated and heterogeneous methodology was used; moreover, no overlap of results was found. In conclusion, five miRNAs have consistently been reported for periodontitis; however, their disease specificity, detectability, and expression in saliva and their importance as noninvasive markers are questionable. In principle, a salivary miRNA diagnostic method seems feasible. However, standardized criteria and protocols for preanalytics, measurements, and analysis should be established to obtain comparable results across different studies.

“NACsomes”: A new classification system of the blood supply to the nipple areola complex (NAC) based on diagnostic breast MRI exams

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 792-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris A. Seitz ◽  
Alexander T. Nixon ◽  
Sarah M. Friedewald ◽  
Jonathan C. Rimler ◽  
Loren S. Schechter
Keyword(s):  
Blood Supply ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Breast Mri ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Nipple Areola Complex ◽  
Areola Complex

Blood supply of the male breast nipple-areola complex evaluated by CTA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Ding ◽  
Nanze Yu ◽  
Ruijia Dong ◽  
Lingyan Kong ◽  
Huadan Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Supply ◽  
Male Breast ◽  
Nipple Areola Complex ◽  
Areola Complex
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document