Application of integrative physiological approach to evaluate human physiological responses to the inhalation of essential oils of Japanese citrus fruits iyokan (Citrus iyo) and yuzu (Citrus junos)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motoko Ohata ◽  
Lanxi Zhou ◽  
Shiori Ando ◽  
Shu Kaneko ◽  
Kazumi Osada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Citrus Junos ◽  
Central Nervous Systems ◽  
Physiological Approach

Abstract This study investigated the effects of essential oil odors from Japanese citrus fruits, iyokan (Citrus iyo) and yuzu (Citrus junos), on human psychology and both the autonomic and central nervous systems. The inhalation of both essential oils significantly increased miosis rate and fingertip temperature and could induce parasympathetic dominance by suppressing sympathetic nerve activity. Oxyhemoglobin concentration in the prefrontal cortex increased after the inhalation of yuzu essential oil and decreased after the inhalation of iyokan essential oil. Subjectively, the inhalation of both essential oils reduced the feelings of fatigue and improved the feelings of refreshment, suggesting that the effect of autonomic nervous activity might involve in these psychological changes directly. Moreover, we observed that task performance improved after inhaling yuzu essential oil, which may be due to the increase in oxyhemoglobin concentration in the prefrontal cortex.

Effects of The Odors of Japanese Citrus Iyokan (Citrus Iyo) and Yuzu (Citrus Junos) on Human Mood and Physiology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motoko Ohata ◽  
Lanxi Zhou ◽  
Shiori Ando ◽  
Shu Kaneko ◽  
Yukihiro Yada
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Sedative Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Citrus Junos

Abstract Background: The effects of the odors of natural essential oils on humans are divided into psychological and physiological effects, such as alertness and sedative effects, respectively. However, there are only a few studies on the effects of essential oils derived from materials specific to Japan. In this study, we focused on Japanese citrus fruits and determined the effects of essential oil aromas on human physiology and psychology.Methods: A total of 16 men and 16 women (aged, 20–24 years) participated in this study. Essential oils of the Japanese citrus iyokan (Citrus iyo) and yuzu (Citrus junos) were used as tests with the essential oils of Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis Valencia) used for comparison. Each essential oil was soaked in cotton and placed at the bottom of a vial and presented to the participant’s nose in a blind manner. The control was to breathe clean air for 2 min; the condition that inhaled the vapor of each essential oil for 2 min was compared to the control. Autonomic nervous activity was evaluated using the pupillary light reflex and fingertip temperature measurements; central nervous activity was assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy. The mood and emotion changes before and after inhalation of each odor of the essential oils were examined using a visual analog scale and multiple mood scales.Results: The inhalation of essential oils from Japanese citrus fruits significantly increased miosis rate and fingertip temperature. Cerebral blood flow in the prefrontal area significantly increased. Subjectively, the feeling of fatigue was reduced, and the feeling of refreshment and concentration improved.Conclusions: Predominance of parasympathetic nerve activity was led by suppression of sympathetic nerve activity, suggesting that inhalation of essential oils from Japanese citrus fruits has a sedative effect on the body. Conversely, the cerebrum was activated due to an increase in cerebral blood flow. The reduction of fatigue and improvement of concentration observed in the subjective evaluation might be caused by the sedative effect on the body and the activation of the cerebrum.Trial registration: The trial registration number (TRN) is UMIN-CTR, UMIN000032773 and date of registration is May 30, 2018 (https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000037389).

scholarly journals Systemic angiotensin II does not increase cardiac sympathetic nerve activity in normal conscious sheep

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Charles ◽  
David L. Jardine ◽  
Miriam T. Rademaker ◽  
A. Mark Richards
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Cardiac Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Cardiac Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Conscious Sheep

While it is well established that centrally injected angiotensin II (Ang II) has potent actions on sympathetic nervous activity (SNA), it is less clear whether peripheral Ang II can immediately stimulate SNA. In particular, the contribution of cardiac sympathetic nerve activity (CSNA) to the acute pressor response is unknown. We therefore examined the effect of incremental doses of intravenous Ang II (3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 ng/kg/min each for 30 min) on CSNA in eight conscious sheep. Ang II infusions progressively increased plasma Ang II up to 50 pmol/l above control levels in dose-dependent fashion (P<0.001). This was associated with the expected increases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) above control levels from <10 mmHg at lower doses up to 23 mmHg at the highest dose (P<0.001). Heart rate and cardiac output fell progressively with each incremental Ang II infusion achieving significance at higher doses (P<0.001). There was no significant change in plasma catecholamines. At no dose did Ang II increase any of the CSNA parameters measured. Rather, CSNA burst frequency (P<0.001), burst incidence, (P=0.002), and burst area (P=0.004) progressively decreased achieving significance during the three highest doses. In conclusion, Ang II infused at physiologically relevant doses increased MAP in association with a reciprocal decrease in CSNA presumably via baroreceptor-mediated pathways. The present study provides no evidence that even low-dose systemic Ang II stimulates sympathetic traffic directed to the heart, in normal conscious sheep.

scholarly journals Effect of Essential Oils from Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and Turmeric (Curcuma longa) Rhizomes on Some Inflammatory Biomarkers in Cadmium Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayodele Jacob Akinyemi ◽  
Philip Adeyemi Adeniyi
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Studies have revealed that anti-inflammatory agents could provide beneficial effect in lowering the incidence/progression of neurological diseases. Hence, this study sought to investigate the effect of essential oils from Nigeria ginger and turmeric rhizomes on some cytokines in cadmium induced neurotoxicity. The result revealed that essential oil from ginger and turmeric rhizomes exerts anti-inflammatory effect by preventing alterations of some cytokines/inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-Alpha) levels and inhibits both hippocampus and prefrontal cortex acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities (important enzymes relevant in the management/prevention of neurodegenerative diseases) in Cd treated rats. In conclusion, essential oil from ginger and turmeric rhizomes exerts anti-inflammatory properties in Cd induced neurotoxicity. The observed effect could be due to the volatile compounds as revealed by GC-MS analysis.

Effect of grapefruit and lavender essential oil scents on pancreatic sympathetic nerve activity and plasma glucose in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 282-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Horii ◽  
Keiko Maeda ◽  
Jiao Shen ◽  
Yoshiyuki Fujisaki ◽  
Katsuya Nagai
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Nerve Activity

Sympathetic nerve activity related to local fatigue sensation during static contraction

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 980-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Saito ◽  
T. Mano ◽  
S. Iwase
Keyword(s):  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Static Exercise ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Activity Burst

The relationship between autonomic nervous activity and psychophysical responses was studied during static exercise in humans. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) recorded by a direct method of microneurography and the intensity of fatigue sensation in working muscles [levels of fatigue sensation (LFS) scale 0–10] were analyzed in 11 male subjects during static handgrip (SHG). SHG was exerted at a tension of 25% of maximal voluntary contraction until the given tension could no longer be sustained. MSNA, represented as total activity (burst number x mean burst amplitude), and LFS increased in a time-dependent process till the end of the SHG. At the termination of the static exercise MSNA had increased an average of 480% of the resting value. In the simple exponential curve, Y = A expBX, where X was LFS and Y was MSNA. The constants A and B estimated from the total experiments were 84.5 and 0.161, respectively. The correlation between LFS and MSNA was statistically significant. There was a large difference in the value of constant B (0.089–0.278) among the subjects, and a relatively small difference in the value of constant A (37.5–133.8). The increases in both MSNA and LFS during SHG may be mainly related to the same afferent volley from working skeletal muscles. The results indicate that the response of the muscle sympathetic nerve to SHG relates to the psychological feelings of fatigue in the working muscles.

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