scholarly journals Constraints on control: factors influencing reproductive success in male mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx)

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 614-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Charpentier ◽  
Patricia Peignot ◽  
Martine Hossaert-McKey ◽  
Olivier Gimenez ◽  
Joanna M. Setchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Mandrillus Sphinx ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Factors Influencing

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and reproductive success in mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx)

2005 ◽  
Vol 102 (46) ◽  
pp. 16723-16728 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Charpentier ◽  
J. M. Setchell ◽  
F. Prugnolle ◽  
L. A. Knapp ◽  
E. J. Wickings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Mandrillus Sphinx

Settlement patterns, foraging behavior, and reproductive success of ospreys along a heterogeneous riverine corridor

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Harmata ◽  
Marco Restani ◽  
Alan R. Harmata
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
Missouri River ◽  
Nest Density ◽  
River Section ◽  
Pandion Haliaetus ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Spatial Use ◽  
Gill Netting

In 1998 and 1999, we determined the spatial distribution, foraging behavior, and reproductive success of ospreys ( Pandion haliaetus (L., 1758)) nesting along the upper Missouri River, Montana. We combined our data with that collected in the same area in 1981–1982 and 1990–1991 to investigate factors influencing settlement patterns. The study area was composed of four distinct habitats, three reservoirs and one free-flowing river section. Although number of occupied nests on each habitat increased from 1981–1982 to 1998–1999, the greatest percentage increases in nest density occurred on habitats previously hypothesized to contain the least prey. Osprey reproductive success was positively related to foraging rates, which differed across habitats, being highest on reservoirs and lowest on the free-flowing river. However, reproductive success was adequate for replacement on each habitat. Most fish consumed by ospreys on each habitat were suckers (Catostomidae), followed by salmonids and cyprinids. Fish density, determined from gill netting, was highest on the largest and shallowest reservoir. Over two decades, ospreys shifted their relative spatial use of the upper Missouri River such that reservoirs were occupied first and the free-flowing river section was occupied last. The degree to which presence of conspecifics, distribution of nest trees and prey, and dispersal affected settlement patterns probably varied by spatial scale.

Riverine characteristics and adult demography influence female lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) spawning behavior, reproductive success, and ovarian quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 1147-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kari J. Dammerman ◽  
Molly A.H. Webb ◽  
Kim T. Scribner
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Behavioral Plasticity ◽  
Lake Sturgeon ◽  
Operational Sex Ratio ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Acipenser Fulvescens ◽  
Reproductive Costs ◽  
Arrival Date ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Yearly Means

Abiotic conditions and demographic factors can influence the timing of spawning. Behavioral plasticity allows females to select spawning conditions that are conducive to offspring development; however, reproductive costs associated with delaying spawning are not well understood. In this study, factors influencing timing of female spawning, residence time (RT), and reproductive success (RS) during two seasons were determined, and plasma testosterone concentrations were used to quantify atretic rates in a wild, lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) population. For the 123 females monitored, RT ranged from 1 to 23 days and was influenced by arrival date, temperature, discharge, and male number, with the latter having the largest influence. RS varied due to arrival date, temperature, discharge, male number, male length, and operational sex ratio. Two females had testosterone levels indicative of atresia and RS estimates lower than yearly means; however, most females had normal ovaries, suggesting little reproductive costs of plasticity in spawning ground residency time. Results demonstrate the multitude of factors influencing female reproductive behavior and RS, highlighting the importance of abiotic and demographic conditions to recruitment in wild populations.

Understanding Tasmanian dairy farmer adoption of pasture management practices: a Theory of Planned Behaviour approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Hall ◽  
Lydia Turner ◽  
Sue Kilpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Tool Use ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Planned Behaviour ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Factors Influencing

Improved pasture management and increased pasture utilisation are positively associated with dairy farm efficiency and profitability in Tasmania. Supporting dairy farmers in developing pasture management knowledge and skills has been a key priority for research, development and extension in the Tasmanian dairy industry. The role of extension has been to increase farmer awareness and knowledge of best practice pasture management and to facilitate farmer learning, focusing on training farmers to use pasture measurement tools. However, many farmers have never used a pasture measurement tool, only trialled/tested a tool, and/or do not implement recommended pasture management practices. This study aimed to identify and understand factors influencing pasture management decision-making and behaviour for different farmer subgroups. Qualitative data was obtained through semi-structured interviews with 30 Tasmanian dairy farmers. The Theory of Planned Behaviour was used to identify and explore key factors influencing pasture management behaviour. There was a negative effect of social influence on pasture measurement tool use by experienced farmers, with many perceiving tool use to be for less experienced, younger farmers. This negative influence limited their intention to measure pasture and engage in the learning process required to overcome perceived control factors and change practices. Perceived control factors limiting behaviour change included tool data inaccuracy and challenging calculations associated with applying measurement data on-farm. This study demonstrates how the Theory of Planned Behaviour can be used to identify and understand factors influencing adoption behaviour of Tasmanian dairy farmers and assist in developing recommendations for future extension and pasture management programs.

Factors influencing reproductive success in the clonal moss, Hylocomium splendens

Oecologia ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Rydgren ◽  
Nils Cronberg ◽  
Rune H. Økland
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Hylocomium Splendens ◽  
Factors Influencing

scholarly journals Factors influencing male affiliation and coalitions in a species with male dispersal and intense male–male competition, Colobus vellerosus

Behaviour ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 151 (7) ◽  
pp. 1045-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. Teichroeb ◽  
Eva C. Wikberg ◽  
Nelson Ting ◽  
Pascale Sicotte
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Male Competition ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Cooperative Relationships ◽  
Colobus Vellerosus ◽  
Male Dispersal ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
High Level

Male Colobus vellerosus compete intensely for access to females, which sometimes leads to mortal wounding. Yet, males often form cooperative relationships to overtake prime-aged males and immigrate into bisexual groups. We investigated the factors that predicted the presence of coalitions and affiliative relationships among males in this species. Interactions among males in 292 dyads from six groups were examined from 2004 to 2010 at Boabeng-Fiema, Ghana. Affiliation rates among males were higher and aggression rates lower when one or both males in the dyad were subadult, compared to adult male dyads. Affiliation rates tended to be higher among males that were kin but no other aspect of male relationships predicted affiliation. Coalitions among males were rarely observed and primarily occurred in the context of joint defense against extra-group males (93.5% of events). Adult males were more likely to provide coalitionary support than subadults and coalitions occurred significantly more often when both males were high ranking, since these males probably benefited most in terms of reproductive success from excluding extra-group males. Rank-changing and leveling coalitions among low-ranking males appear to be quite rare or absent in C. vellerosus. The costs of these types of coalitions may be too high or male group size too small on average for these types of coalitions to have been selected for. The overall low rates of affiliation and coalitions among male C. vellerosus are likely influenced by male-biased dispersal and the high level of male–male competition.

scholarly journals Reproductive success in wild and hatchery male coho salmon

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 150161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan D. Neff ◽  
Shawn R. Garner ◽  
Ian A. Fleming ◽  
Mart R. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Female Mate Choice ◽  
Parentage Analysis ◽  
Offspring Survival ◽  
The Third ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Hierarchical Position ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Mixed Groups

Salmon produced by hatcheries have lower fitness in the wild than naturally produced salmon, but the factors underlying this difference remain an active area of research. We used genetic parentage analysis of alevins produced by experimentally mixed groups of wild and hatchery coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ) to quantify male paternity in spawning hierarchies. We identify factors influencing paternity and revise previously published behavioural estimates of reproductive success for wild and hatchery males. We observed a strong effect of hierarchy size and hierarchy position on paternity: in two-male hierarchies, the first male sired 63% (±29%; s.d.) of the alevins and the second male 37% (±29%); in three-male hierarchies, the first male sired 64% (±26%), the second male 24% (±20%) and the third male 12% (±10%). As previously documented, hatchery males hold inferior positions in spawning hierarchies, but we also discovered that hatchery males had only 55–84% the paternity of wild males when occupying the same position within a spawning hierarchy. This paternity difference may result from inferior performance of hatchery males during sperm competition, female mate choice for wild males, or differential offspring survival. Regardless of its cause, the combination of inferior hierarchical position and inferior success at a position resulted in hatchery males having only half (51%) the reproductive success of wild males.

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