scholarly journals Reproductive success in wild and hatchery male coho salmon

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 150161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan D. Neff ◽  
Shawn R. Garner ◽  
Ian A. Fleming ◽  
Mart R. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Female Mate Choice ◽  
Parentage Analysis ◽  
Offspring Survival ◽  
The Third ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Hierarchical Position ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Mixed Groups

Salmon produced by hatcheries have lower fitness in the wild than naturally produced salmon, but the factors underlying this difference remain an active area of research. We used genetic parentage analysis of alevins produced by experimentally mixed groups of wild and hatchery coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ) to quantify male paternity in spawning hierarchies. We identify factors influencing paternity and revise previously published behavioural estimates of reproductive success for wild and hatchery males. We observed a strong effect of hierarchy size and hierarchy position on paternity: in two-male hierarchies, the first male sired 63% (±29%; s.d.) of the alevins and the second male 37% (±29%); in three-male hierarchies, the first male sired 64% (±26%), the second male 24% (±20%) and the third male 12% (±10%). As previously documented, hatchery males hold inferior positions in spawning hierarchies, but we also discovered that hatchery males had only 55–84% the paternity of wild males when occupying the same position within a spawning hierarchy. This paternity difference may result from inferior performance of hatchery males during sperm competition, female mate choice for wild males, or differential offspring survival. Regardless of its cause, the combination of inferior hierarchical position and inferior success at a position resulted in hatchery males having only half (51%) the reproductive success of wild males.

scholarly journals Home ground advantage: Local Atlantic salmon have higher reproductive fitness than dispersers in the wild

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. eaav1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenyon B. Mobley ◽  
Hanna Granroth-Wilding ◽  
Mikko Ellmen ◽  
Juha-Pekka Vähä ◽  
Tutku Aykanat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Parentage Analysis ◽  
Population Divergence ◽  
Natal Habitat ◽  
In The Wild

A long-held, but poorly tested, assumption in natural populations is that individuals that disperse into new areas for reproduction are at a disadvantage compared to individuals that reproduce in their natal habitat, underpinning the eco-evolutionary processes of local adaptation and ecological speciation. Here, we capitalize on fine-scale population structure and natural dispersal events to compare the reproductive success of local and dispersing individuals captured on the same spawning ground in four consecutive parent-offspring cohorts of wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Parentage analysis conducted on adults and juvenile fish showed that local females and males had 9.6 and 2.9 times higher reproductive success than dispersers, respectively. Our results reveal how higher reproductive success in local spawners compared to dispersers may act in natural populations to drive population divergence and promote local adaptation over microgeographic spatial scales without clear morphological differences between populations.

Reduced reproductive success of hatchery coho salmon in the wild: insights into most likely mechanisms

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1860-1869 ◽  
Author(s):  
VÉRONIQUE THÉRIAULT ◽  
GREGORY R. MOYER ◽  
LAURA S. JACKSON ◽  
MICHAEL S. BLOUIN ◽  
MICHAEL A. BANKS
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
In The Wild

scholarly journals Hybridization rapidly reduces fitness of a native trout in the wild

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clint C. Muhlfeld ◽  
Steven T. Kalinowski ◽  
Thomas E. McMahon ◽  
Mark L. Taper ◽  
Sally Painter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Parentage Analysis ◽  
Genetic Introgression ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Oncorhynchus Clarkii ◽  
Hybrid Swarms ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Genomic Extinction

Human-mediated hybridization is a leading cause of biodiversity loss worldwide. How hybridization affects fitness and what level of hybridization is permissible pose difficult conservation questions with little empirical information to guide policy and management decisions. This is particularly true for salmonids, where widespread introgression among non-native and native taxa has often created hybrid swarms over extensive geographical areas resulting in genomic extinction. Here, we used parentage analysis with multilocus microsatellite markers to measure how varying levels of genetic introgression with non-native rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) affect reproductive success (number of offspring per adult) of native westslope cutthroat trout ( Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi ) in the wild. Small amounts of hybridization markedly reduced fitness of male and female trout, with reproductive success sharply declining by approximately 50 per cent, with only 20 per cent admixture. Despite apparent fitness costs, our data suggest that hybridization may spread due to relatively high reproductive success of first-generation hybrids and high reproductive success of a few males with high levels of admixture. This outbreeding depression suggests that even low levels of admixture may have negative effects on fitness in the wild and that policies protecting hybridized populations may need reconsideration.

Prey tell: what quillback rockfish early life history traits reveal about their survival in encounters with juvenile coho salmon

2020 ◽  
Vol 650 ◽  
pp. 7-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
HW Fennie ◽  
S Sponaugle ◽  
EA Daly ◽  
RD Brodeur
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Otolith Microstructure Analysis ◽  
Pelagic Juvenile

Predation is a major source of mortality in the early life stages of fishes and a driving force in shaping fish populations. Theoretical, modeling, and laboratory studies have generated hypotheses that larval fish size, age, growth rate, and development rate affect their susceptibility to predation. Empirical data on predator selection in the wild are challenging to obtain, and most selective mortality studies must repeatedly sample populations of survivors to indirectly examine survivorship. While valuable on a population scale, these approaches can obscure selection by particular predators. In May 2018, along the coast of Washington, USA, we simultaneously collected juvenile quillback rockfish Sebastes maliger from both the environment and the stomachs of juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch. We used otolith microstructure analysis to examine whether juvenile coho salmon were age-, size-, and/or growth-selective predators of juvenile quillback rockfish. Our results indicate that juvenile rockfish consumed by salmon were significantly smaller, slower growing at capture, and younger than surviving (unconsumed) juvenile rockfish, providing direct evidence that juvenile coho salmon are selective predators on juvenile quillback rockfish. These differences in early life history traits between consumed and surviving rockfish are related to timing of parturition and the environmental conditions larval rockfish experienced, suggesting that maternal effects may substantially influence survival at this stage. Our results demonstrate that variability in timing of parturition and sea surface temperature leads to tradeoffs in early life history traits between growth in the larval stage and survival when encountering predators in the pelagic juvenile stage.

Settlement patterns, foraging behavior, and reproductive success of ospreys along a heterogeneous riverine corridor

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Harmata ◽  
Marco Restani ◽  
Alan R. Harmata
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
Missouri River ◽  
Nest Density ◽  
River Section ◽  
Pandion Haliaetus ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Spatial Use ◽  
Gill Netting

In 1998 and 1999, we determined the spatial distribution, foraging behavior, and reproductive success of ospreys ( Pandion haliaetus (L., 1758)) nesting along the upper Missouri River, Montana. We combined our data with that collected in the same area in 1981–1982 and 1990–1991 to investigate factors influencing settlement patterns. The study area was composed of four distinct habitats, three reservoirs and one free-flowing river section. Although number of occupied nests on each habitat increased from 1981–1982 to 1998–1999, the greatest percentage increases in nest density occurred on habitats previously hypothesized to contain the least prey. Osprey reproductive success was positively related to foraging rates, which differed across habitats, being highest on reservoirs and lowest on the free-flowing river. However, reproductive success was adequate for replacement on each habitat. Most fish consumed by ospreys on each habitat were suckers (Catostomidae), followed by salmonids and cyprinids. Fish density, determined from gill netting, was highest on the largest and shallowest reservoir. Over two decades, ospreys shifted their relative spatial use of the upper Missouri River such that reservoirs were occupied first and the free-flowing river section was occupied last. The degree to which presence of conspecifics, distribution of nest trees and prey, and dispersal affected settlement patterns probably varied by spatial scale.

Riverine characteristics and adult demography influence female lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) spawning behavior, reproductive success, and ovarian quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 1147-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kari J. Dammerman ◽  
Molly A.H. Webb ◽  
Kim T. Scribner
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Behavioral Plasticity ◽  
Lake Sturgeon ◽  
Operational Sex Ratio ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Acipenser Fulvescens ◽  
Reproductive Costs ◽  
Arrival Date ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Yearly Means

Abiotic conditions and demographic factors can influence the timing of spawning. Behavioral plasticity allows females to select spawning conditions that are conducive to offspring development; however, reproductive costs associated with delaying spawning are not well understood. In this study, factors influencing timing of female spawning, residence time (RT), and reproductive success (RS) during two seasons were determined, and plasma testosterone concentrations were used to quantify atretic rates in a wild, lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) population. For the 123 females monitored, RT ranged from 1 to 23 days and was influenced by arrival date, temperature, discharge, and male number, with the latter having the largest influence. RS varied due to arrival date, temperature, discharge, male number, male length, and operational sex ratio. Two females had testosterone levels indicative of atresia and RS estimates lower than yearly means; however, most females had normal ovaries, suggesting little reproductive costs of plasticity in spawning ground residency time. Results demonstrate the multitude of factors influencing female reproductive behavior and RS, highlighting the importance of abiotic and demographic conditions to recruitment in wild populations.

scholarly journals Polygyny and Extra-Pair Paternity in a Population of Southwestern Willow Flycatchers

The Condor ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-578
Author(s):  
Talima Pearson ◽  
Mary J. Whitfield ◽  
Tad C. Theimer ◽  
Paul Keim
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Mating Strategy ◽  
Male Reproductive Success ◽  
Offspring Survival ◽  
Extra Pair Paternity ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Willow Flycatcher ◽  
Empidonax Traillii ◽  
Disproportionate Number

Abstract Although polygyny can potentially increase male reproductive success, the benefits of this strategy could be offset by losses to extra-pair paternity or reduced offspring survival. We developed microsatellite markers to assess the influence of extra-pair offspring (EPO) on reproductive success and paternity in monogamous and polygynous pairs of the facultatively polygynous Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus). Based on genotypes of 140 offspring from 56 clutches over six years, 14% of nestlings in our study population were extra-pair offspring, with 23% of all successful nests containing at least one EPO. We found that polygynous males produced 2.11 ± 0.35 offspring per season, compared to 1.15 ± 0.18 for monogamous males. This increased reproductive success was due primarily to the increased number of nests of polygynous males, as the number of offspring per pair did not differ between monogamous and polygynous males. Twenty of the 140 genotyped nestlings were extra-pair offspring. Sires could be assigned to 16 of these; one polygynous male sired two EPO in one nest, two monogamous males sired eight EPO in two nests, and four nonterritorial males sired six EPO in four nests. Overall, these results indicate that in this population, females of polygynous males did not raise a disproportionate number of EPO as a result of the polygynous mating strategy of their mate, and that both territorial and nonterritorial males sired EPO.

scholarly journals The smell of success: Reproductive success related to rub behavior in brown bears

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247964
Author(s):  
Andrea T. Morehouse ◽  
Anne E. Loosen ◽  
Tabitha A. Graves ◽  
Mark S. Boyce
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Scent Marking ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Parentage Analysis ◽  
Fitness Component ◽  
Brown Bears ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Rubbing Behavior ◽  
Insight Into

Several species of bears are known to rub deliberately against trees and other objects, but little is known about why bears rub. Patterns in rubbing behavior of male and female brown bears (Ursus arctos) suggest that scent marking via rubbing functions to communicate among potential mates or competitors. Using DNA from bear hairs collected from rub objects in southwestern Alberta from 2011–2014 and existing DNA datasets from Montana and southeastern British Columbia, we determined sex and individual identity of each bear detected. Using these data, we completed a parentage analysis. From the parentage analysis and detection data, we determined the number of offspring, mates, unique rub objects where an individual was detected, and sampling occasions during which an individual was detected for each brown bear identified through our sampling methods. Using a Poisson regression, we found a positive relationship between bear rubbing behavior and reproductive success; both male and female bears with a greater number of mates and a greater number of offspring were detected at more rub objects and during more occasions. Our results suggest a fitness component to bear rubbing, indicate that rubbing is adaptive, and provide insight into a poorly understood behaviour.

Growth of scale for juvenile coho salmon in the Bolshaya River (West Kamchatka)

2014 ◽  
Vol 176 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-84
Author(s):  
Victor F. Bugaev ◽  
Nadezhda V. Yarosh
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Seasonal Growth ◽  
Growth Season ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
The Third ◽  
One Year ◽  
June July ◽  
In The Beginning

Structure of scale is investigated for juvenile coho salmon. The samples were collected in the lower part of the Bolshaya River (West Kamchatka) in 2007-2012. The first scleritis bounding the central plate of scale is formed when body length of coho underyearlings achieves 38 mm, on average. In the investigated area, seasonal growth of scale starts and formation of next annuli of juvenile coho scale happens usually in the third 10-days of May: in the beginning of this period for one-year-old fish and in its end for two-years-old fish. The seasonal growth becomes slower again with water cooling in the last half of September, until its complete stagnation in October. Each scleritis forms in similar time, independently on age of juveniles: in 11.3 days for the underyearlings (data for in June-September), 10.1 days for one-year-old fish (data for June-September), and 11.2 days for two-years-old fish (data for in June-July). Additional zones of dense sclerites could form on the scale of juvenile coho within the growth season.

Paddlefish: Ecological, Aquacultural, and Regulatory Challenges of Managing a Global Resource

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
First Year ◽  
Side Channel ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Detailed Understanding ◽  
Successful Recruitment ◽  
Class Strength ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Key Features

<i>Abstract</i>.—Inadequate recruitment is a concern in many stocks of Paddlefish <i>Polyodon spathula</i>. Despite the importance of maintaining adequate recruitment, little understanding exists of specific recruitment factors and mechanisms. In this chapter we review and synthesize the results of the relatively few studies and observations of Paddlefish reproduction and recruitment and the factors potentially responsible for observed variations. Comparisons are made with studies on sturgeons. Although Paddlefish and sturgeon show many anatomical, life history, and behavioral similarities, some key features of Paddlefish differing from other Acipenseriform species are lifelong zooplanktivory, filter feeding, midwater foraging behaviors, and lack of armoring. Data from both sturgeon and Paddlefish show higher reproductive success associated with higher river discharge; greater Paddlefish reproductive success in some adfluvial populations has also been linked to increasing and high reservoir levels. Whereas several sturgeon studies suggest that recruitment (and year-class strength) are determined within 2–3 months of hatching, results from Paddlefish suggest that year-class strength may be determined later in their first year or in their second year. Observations and field results lead to the hypothesis that young Paddlefish must grow fast in their first and early second years of life to reach a size where they can successfully overwinter, avoid predation from piscivorous fishes and birds, and recruit. Support for this grow-fast-or-be-eaten hypothesis comes from several sources, both indirect (e.g., the relation between fish length and rostrum length) and direct (higher survival of larger fish released and higher lipids in age-0 fish in years of good recruitment). However, more research is needed to adequately test this hypothesis. Paddlefish rearing habitat changes include river-backwater and side-channel sedimentation, reservoir sedimentation and aging, and threats from increased native and nonnative predator populations. Managers of Paddlefish will need a more detailed understanding of the habitat conditions needed for successful recruitment in the wild.

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