Manganese is considered as an essential element for man and other animals. Although it is one of the trace elements least toxic to mammals, man-made pollution related to the steel industries and exposure to the mining of manganese ore represent potential hazards to organisms in these areas.One of the target organ systems of manganese is the central nervous system (Beliles, 1975). Intake of its metal dust can lead to chronic manganese poisoning resembling Parkinson’s disease (Ferraz, et.al., 1988). Symptoms of this disease have been observed in human after prolonged chronic exposure to manganese (Scheuhammer and Cherian, 1981).Studies being reported on manganese deal with mammals and are focused on its neurotoxicity, most of which are based on physiological and neurochemical mechanisms. There has been no report yet of morphological or ultrastructural abnormalities associated with manganese exposure. In this study, the effects of manganese on the morphology and ultrastructure of the brain of Tilapia finger lings will be discussed.Tilapia fingerlings from Central Luzon State University, Muñoz, Nueva Ecija were acclimated prior to MnCl2 exposure.
Recirculatory model of fentanyl disposition with the brain as the target organ
