O74: ASSESSING THE USEFULNESS OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL IMAGING AND VIRTUAL REALITY IN SURGICAL PLANNING: A MEDICAL STUDENT LED PILOT STUDY

Abstract Introduction Nephron-sparing surgery is becoming more common as surgical techniques advance. VR and 3D visualisation appear to provide better anatomical understanding in presurgical planning than two-dimensional alone. 3D models may enable greater tissue salvation and fewer complications. 3D model preparation and advancing research is expensive and time consuming. We aim to pilot study led by medical student, create reliable anatomical kidney models and assess usefulness in surgical planning. Method Routine CT urograms were performed on 128 slice scanner using split bolus technique. Medical student segmented and displayed models in VR using 3DSlicer. Radiology registrar and consultant validated models. Two urology surgeons completed qualitative questionnaires. Result We included two patients. Only minor segmentation tweaks by radiologist ensured accurately demonstrated tumors. Tissue contrast quality varied between CT scans complicating segmentation. Both surgeons deemed models helpful in visualising hilar anatomy, predicting bleeding complications, determining laparoscopic/open and partial/full nephrectomy approach. Surgeons prioritised vasculature visualisation over collecting system. Surgeons suggested gauging tumor depth would be useful. Considering 3D printing cost, surgeons agreed VR alone may suffice. Conclusion Surgeons found 3D and VR enabled accurate surgical planning and patient counselling regarding nephrectomy risk. Minor CT protocol recommendations enable easier and more accurate segmentation, without increasing patient's radiation exposure. Annual leave during 8-week summer project reflects case numbers. Since, we've identified more cases to assess surgical parameters against matched cohort. We've begun work for adrenal surgery. It's feasible for medical students with minimal surgical/radiological knowledge to advance this research, gaining valuable experience. Abbrev Virtual Reality(VR), Three-dimensional(3D), Computerised Tomography(CT) Take-home message Three-dimensional imaging and virtual reality may improve surgical planning and patient counselling. Regarding nephrectomy, this could give surgeons the confidence to convert from full nephrectomy to partial nephrectomy approach, improving patient outcome.

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Three Dimensional Imaging and Surgical Planning

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1016/s0194-5998(05)80449-8 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 112 (5) ◽

pp. P169-P169

Author(s):

Vincent N. Carrasco ◽

Suresh K. Mukherji ◽

Harold C. Pillsbury

Keyword(s):

Mr Imaging ◽

Image Fusion ◽

Surgical Planning ◽

Preoperative Planning ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Educational Objectives ◽

Three Dimensional Imaging ◽

Multimodality Image ◽

Multimodality Image Fusion

Educational objectives: To discuss the value of CT and MR imaging for preoperative surgical planning and to discuss computerized three-dimensional imaging, multimodality image fusion, and appreciate their role in surgical preoperative planning.

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Procesos de documentación arqueológica y generación de modelos virtuales

Virtual Archaeology Review ◽

10.4995/var.2011.4607 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 65 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Josep Blasco Senabre ◽

Sebastián Varea ◽

Fernando Cotino Vila ◽

Albert Ribera Lacomba ◽

Oreto García Puchol

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

3D Models ◽

Present Communication ◽

Archaeological Excavation ◽

Great Range ◽

The Times

<p>In the present communication we offer some examples that illustrate the methodological corpus applied by our company (Global S.L) in relation with the photogrametrical documentation and the virtual reality in the field of the archaeology. The use of these technologies of computerized documentation offers a great range of possibilities for the graphic documentation of an archaeological excavation, allowing to generate planimetry and pertinent sections and to improve the times in the process of obtaining of information. The possibility of producing 3D models supposes an essential addition to show in a three –dimensional way the current condition of the monument, as well as for its virtual recreation by means of the technologies of virtual reality and increased reality.</p>

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Virtual reality and cardiac anatomy: Exploring immersive three‐dimensional cardiac imaging, a pilot study in undergraduate medical anatomy education

Clinical Anatomy ◽

10.1002/ca.23292 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 238-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

H. S. Maresky ◽

A. Oikonomou ◽

I. Ali ◽

N. Ditkofsky ◽

M. Pakkal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Cardiac Imaging ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Cardiac Anatomy ◽

Anatomy Education

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Three-Dimensional Imaging and Virtual Reality Applications of Spiral CT

Advances in CT IV ◽

10.1007/978-3-642-72195-3_18 ◽

1998 ◽

pp. 149-153

Author(s):

R. B. Jeffrey

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Spiral Ct ◽

Three Dimensional Imaging

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Immersive 3-Dimensional Virtual Reality Modeling for Case-Specific Presurgical Discussions in Cerebrovascular Neurosurgery

Operative Neurosurgery ◽

10.1093/ons/opaa335 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Taku Sugiyama ◽

Tod Clapp ◽

Jordan Nelson ◽

Chad Eitel ◽

Hiroaki Motegi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Surgical Planning ◽

Objective Assessment ◽

Surgical Techniques ◽

Patient Specific ◽

Decision Making Process ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

Head Mounted Display ◽

Precise Understanding ◽

Cerebrovascular Surgery

Abstract BACKGROUND Adequate surgical planning includes a precise understanding of patient-specific anatomy and is a necessity for neurosurgeons. Although the use of virtual reality (VR) technology is emerging in surgical planning and education, few studies have examined the effectiveness of immersive VR during surgical planning using a modern head-mounted display. OBJECTIVE To investigate if and how immersive VR aids presurgical discussions of cerebrovascular surgery. METHODS A multiuser immersive VR system, BananaVisionTM, was developed and used during presurgical discussions in a prospective patient cohort undergoing cerebrovascular surgery. A questionnaire/interview was administered to multiple surgeons after the surgeries to evaluate the effectiveness of the VR system compared to conventional imaging modalities. An objective assessment of the surgeon's knowledge of patient-specific anatomy was also conducted by rating surgeons’ hand-drawn presurgical illustrations. RESULTS The VR session effectively enhanced surgeons’ understanding of patient-specific anatomy in the majority of cases (83.3%). An objective assessment of surgeons’ presurgical illustrations was consistent with this result. The VR session also effectively improved the decision-making process regarding minor surgical techniques in 61.1% of cases and even aided surgeons in making critical surgical decisions about cases involving complex and challenging anatomy. The utility of the VR system was rated significantly higher by trainees than by experts. CONCLUSION Although rated as more useful by trainees than by experts, immersive 3D VR modeling increased surgeons’ understanding of patient-specific anatomy and improved surgical strategy in certain cases involving challenging anatomy.

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Impact of Virtual Reality in Arterial Anatomy Detection and Surgical Planning in Patients with Unruptured Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci10120963 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 963

Author(s):

Samer Zawy Alsofy ◽

Ioanna Sakellaropoulou ◽

Makoto Nakamura ◽

Christian Ewelt ◽

Asem Salma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Surgical Planning ◽

Haptic Feedback ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Vascular Anatomy ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

Surgical Strategy ◽

Anterior Communicating Artery ◽

Head Positioning ◽

Arterial Anatomy

Anterior-communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysms have diverse configurations and anatomical variations. The evaluation and operative treatment of these aneurysms necessitates a perfect surgical strategy based on review of three-dimensional (3D) angioarchitecture using several radiologic imaging methods. We analyzed the influence of 3D virtual reality (VR) reconstructions versus conventional computed tomography angiography (CTA) scans on the identification of vascular anatomy and on surgical planning in patients with unruptured ACoA aneurysms. Medical files were retrospectively analyzed regarding patient- and disease-related data. Preoperative CTA scans were retrospectively reconstructed to 3D-VR images and visualized via VR software to detect the characteristics of unruptured ACoA aneurysms. A questionnaire was used to evaluate the influence of VR on the identification of aneurysm morphology and relevant arterial anatomy and on surgical strategy. Twenty-six patients were included and 520 answer sheets were evaluated. The 3D-VR modality significantly influenced detection of the aneurysm-related vascular structure (p = 0.0001), the recommended head positioning (p = 0.005), and the surgical approach (p = 0.001) in the planning of microsurgical clipping. Thus, reconstruction of conventional preoperative CTA scans into 3D images and the spatial presentation in VR models enabled greater understanding of the anatomy and pathology, provided realistic haptic feedback for aneurysm surgery, and influenced operation planning and strategy.

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A novel 3D template for mandible and maxilla reconstruction: Rapid prototyping using stereolithography

Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery ◽

10.4103/0970-0358.173123 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 48 (03) ◽

pp. 263-273 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Samir Kumta ◽

Monica Kumta ◽

Leena Jain ◽

Shrirang Purohit ◽

Rani Ummul

Keyword(s):

Rapid Prototyping ◽

Computer Aided Design ◽

Treatment Plan ◽

3D Structure ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Bone Grafts ◽

3D Models ◽

Mirror Image ◽

Anatomical Model ◽

Patient Counselling

ABSTRACT Introduction: Replication of the exact three-dimensional (3D) structure of the maxilla and mandible is now a priority whilst attempting reconstruction of these bones to attain a complete functional and aesthetic rehabilitation. We hereby present the process of rapid prototyping using stereolithography to produce templates for modelling bone grafts and implants for maxilla/mandible reconstructions, its applications in tumour/trauma, and outcomes for primary and secondary reconstruction. Materials and Methods: Stereolithographic template-assisted reconstruction was used on 11 patients for the reconstruction of the mandible/maxilla primarily following tumour excision and secondarily for the realignment of post-traumatic malunited fractures or deformity corrections. Data obtained from the computed tomography (CT) scans with 1-mm resolution were converted into a computer-aided design (CAD) using the CT Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) data. Once a CAD model was constructed, it was converted into a stereolithographic format and then processed by the rapid prototyping technology to produce the physical anatomical model using a resin. This resin model replicates the native mandible, which can be thus used off table as a guide for modelling the bone grafts. Discussion: This conversion of two-dimensional (2D) data from CT scan into 3D models is a very precise guide to shaping the bone grafts. Further, this CAD can reconstruct the defective half of the mandible using the mirror image principle, and the normal anatomical model can be created to aid secondary reconstructions. Conclusion: This novel approach allows a precise translation of the treatment plan directly to the surgical field. It is also an important teaching tool for implant moulding and fixation, and helps in patient counselling.

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3D Virtual Learning Environment for Engineering Students

Web-Based Engineering Education ◽

10.4018/978-1-61520-659-9.ch004 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 42-52

Author(s):

M. Valizadeh ◽

B. Noroozi ◽

G. A. Sorial

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Engineering Students ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Virtual Learning ◽

3D Models ◽

Essential Elements ◽

Virtual Learning Environment ◽

Meaningful Context ◽

3D Environments ◽

Different Shapes

Virtual Reality and Virtual Learning Environments have become increasingly ambiguous terms in recent years because of essential elements facilitating a consistent environment for learners. Three-dimensional (3D) environments have the potential to position the learner within a meaningful context to a much greater extent than traditional interactive multimedia environments. The term 3D environment has been chosen to focus on a particular type of virtual environment that makes use of a 3D model. 3D models are very useful to make acquainted students with features of different shapes and objects, and can be particularly useful in teaching younger students different procedures and mechanisms for carrying out specific tasks. This chapter explains that 3D Virtual Reality is mature enough to be used for enhancing communication of ideas and concepts and stimulate the interest of students compared to 2D education.

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