Comparative leaf micromorphology of Drypetes and Putranjiva (Putranjivaceae) and its taxonomic significance

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society ◽

10.1093/botlinnean/boaa080 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Akeem B Kadiri ◽

Alexandra N Muellner-Riehl

Keyword(s):

Molecular Data ◽

Leaf Epidermis ◽

Infrageneric Classification ◽

Leaf Micromorphology ◽

Stomatal Complexes ◽

Branching Patterns ◽

Doubtful Species ◽

Epidermal Features ◽

Micromorphological Characters

Abstract Putranjivaceae are a pantropically distributed but poorly known glucosinulate-producing family of three genera (Drypetes, Putranjiva and Sibangea), previously included in Euphorbiaceae subfamily Phyllanthoideae. Characters of the leaf epidermis were previously suggested as being of infrafamilial taxonomic relevance, but epidermal features of the three genera have not so far been compared in the light of the phylogenetic relationships recovered by molecular data. Therefore, we compared the leaf micromorphology of 44 (out of c. 200) Drypetes spp. and two (out of three) Putranjiva spp. using light microscopy. Our findings revealed that there are more stomata types than previously reported in both genera. We also present a new record of stomatal complexes and epidermal cell characteristics. The cell wall ornamentation character on both surfaces of the epidermis is useful for distinguishing D. aframensis subsp. aframensis. Based on a combination of the studied characters, doubtful species of Drypetes and Putranjiva are recognizable as belonging to the two genera, and this will require taxonomic and nomenclatural adjustments. Other taxonomically useful characters are trichome distribution and types and leaf areole shape and tertiary veins branching patterns that appear to be relatively constant across the two genera. Oil droplets located within the cell lumen in Putranjiva differentiates it from Drypetes, where they inwardly streak the epidermal walls among other features. Thus, our study provides evidence that the investigated leaf micromorphological characters are useful for distinguishing the species of the two genera, and they corroborate the existing infrageneric classification of Drypetes that was based on exomorphology.

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Phylogeny of Ten Kenyan Plectranthus Species in the Coleus Clade Inferred from Leaf Micromorphology, Rbcl and MatK Genes

Journal of Botany ◽

10.1155/2017/4369029 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Fredrick M. Musila ◽

Catherine W. Lukhoba ◽

Joseph M. Nguta ◽

Saifuddin F. Dossaji

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Gene Sequences ◽

Plant Identification ◽

Clear Cut ◽

Species Phylogeny ◽

Phylogenetic Studies ◽

Leaf Micromorphology ◽

Micromorphological Characters

Plectranthus species are difficult to taxonomically delimit due to lack of clear-cut morphological synapomorphies. This study is aimed at bringing insights into classification of ten Plectranthus species in the Coleus clade by using leaf micromorphology and molecular data. Stomatal counts and observation of microtome leaf sections generated leaf micromorphology data, while molecular data was obtained from sequencing MatK and Rbcl genes from each species. Phylogeny based on the MatK and Rbcl gene sequences clustered four species P. caninus, P. otostegioides, P. barbatus, and P. lanuginosus together (Clusters A and D, respectively), while P. pseudomarrubioides, P. ornatus, and P. aegyptiacus were grouped together into Clusters B and E, respectively, and P. montanus and P. amboinicus were grouped together (Cluster C). A dendrogram was generated through a cluster analysis of the leaf micromorphological characters grouped together, P. caninus, P. ornatus, P. otostegioides, P. montanus, and P. pseudomarrubioides (Cluster F). The dendrogram also grouped together P. aegyptiacus, P. amboinicus, P. edulis, P. barbatus, and P. lanuginosus (Cluster G). The present study has grouped the ten studied Plectranthus species using molecular and leaf micromorphology characters into phylogenies, which are supported by previous studies, and proved that these characters can aid in plant identification and phylogenetic studies.

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The Classification of Bambusa spp. from Celebes Based on the Micromorphological Characters of Leaf Epidermis

Journal of Tropical Life Science ◽

10.11594/jtls.07.03.02 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 197-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alin Liana ◽

Purnomo Purnomo ◽

Issirep Sumardi ◽

Budi Daryono

Keyword(s):

Leaf Epidermis ◽

Micromorphological Characters

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Phylogeny, major clades and infrageneric classification of Corymbia (Myrtaceae), based on nuclear ribosomal DNA and morphology

Australian Systematic Botany ◽

10.1071/sb09028 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 384 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Carlos Parra-O. ◽

Michael J. Bayly ◽

Andrew Drinnan ◽

Frank Udovicic ◽

Pauline Ladiges

Keyword(s):

Ribosomal Dna ◽

Convergent Evolution ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽

Molecular Evidence ◽

Nuclear Rdna ◽

Infrageneric Classification ◽

Taxonomic Categories

Phylogenetic relationships of sections and species within Corymbia (Myrtaceae), the bloodwood eucalypts, were evaluated by using combined analyses of nuclear rDNA (ETS + ITS) and morphological characters. Combining morphological characters with molecular data provided resolution of relationships within Corymbia. The analyses supported the monophyly of the genus and recognition of the following two major clades, treated here as new subgenera: subgenus Corymbia, including informal sections recognised by Hill and Johnson (1995), namely Rufaria (red bloodwoods), Apteria and Fundoria; and subgenus Blakella, including sections Politaria (spotted gums), Cadagaria, Blakearia (paper-fruited bloodwoods or ghost gums) and Ochraria (yellow bloodwoods). Hill and Johnson’s section Rufaria is monophyletic if Apteria and Fundoria are included. It is evident that, among the red bloodwoods, series are not monophyletic and several morphological characters result from convergent evolution. There was strong morphological and molecular evidence that the three species of red bloodwoods that occur in south-western Western Australia (series Gummiferae: C. calophylla and C. haematoxylon, and series Ficifoliae: C. ficifolia) form a monophyletic group, separate from the eastern C. gummifera (series Gummiferae), which is probably sister to the clade of all other red bloodwoods. Phylogenetic results supported recognition of new taxonomic categories within Corymbia, and these are formalised here.

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Speciation and Infrageneric Classification in the Planktonic Dinoflagellate Tripos (Gonyaulacales, Dinophyceae)

Current Chinese Science ◽

10.2174/2210298101999210101231020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 01 ◽

Author(s):

Fernando Gómez

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Mediterranean Sea ◽

Intraspecific Variability ◽

Marine Species ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Infrageneric Classification ◽

Numerous Species ◽

The Past ◽

Infraspecific Taxa

Background: The genus Tripos, formerly marine species of Ceratium, is the dinoflagellate with the greatest number of species and infraspecific taxa (~800) due to the high morphological intraspecific variability of numerous species. In the past, the species of Tripos were proposed into distinct genera. Objective: To propose an infrageneric classification and to review the taxonomy and nomenclature of each taxon in order to establish the correct species and synonymy. Method: Observations from the Mediterranean Sea, and Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, a review of the original descriptions and further literature, and the available molecular data. Results: re-instatement of this generic split is not justified due the difficulties to circumscribe the basal subgenera Amphiceratium and Archaeceratium, and the polyphyletic character of Biceratium. The subgenus Amphiceratium is dismembered after the classification of the sections Inflata and partially Fusiformia into Archaeceratium. The subgenus Tripos (autonym) replaces other names such as Tripoceratium or Orthoceratium. Based on the original descriptions, the records of T. furca and T. lineatus correspond to T. eugrammus and T. furca, respectively, and T. macroceros has been reported as T. contrarius. The names T. belone and T. carriensis have been misapplied for T. pacificus and T. volans, respectively. Tripos arcuatus, T. gracilis, T. inclinatus, T. scapiformis and T. subcontortus are revived to replace T. euarcuatus, T. declinatus, T. horridus, T. longirostrum and T. contortus, respectively. The species T. ramakrishnae and T. fusus var. schuettii were described from individuals infected by endoparasites. Tripos rotundatus comb. nov. is proposed for C. digitatum var. rotundatum. Conclusion: Tripos is restricted to 57 correct species, although the speciation and synonymy is largely incomplete due to lack of studies in the life cycle and molecular data.

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Corrigendum to: Phylogeny, major clades and infrageneric classification of Corymbia (Myrtaceae), based on nuclear ribosomal DNA and morphology

Australian Systematic Botany ◽

10.1071/sb09028_co ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Carlos Parra-O. ◽

Michael J. Bayly ◽

Andrew Drinnan ◽

Frank Udovicic ◽

Pauline Ladiges

Keyword(s):

Ribosomal Dna ◽

Convergent Evolution ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽

Molecular Evidence ◽

Nuclear Rdna ◽

Infrageneric Classification ◽

Taxonomic Categories

Phylogenetic relationships of sections and species within Corymbia (Myrtaceae), the bloodwood eucalypts, were evaluated by using combined analyses of nuclear rDNA (ETS + ITS) and morphological characters. Combining morphological characters with molecular data provided resolution of relationships within Corymbia. The analyses supported the monophyly of the genus and recognition of the following two major clades, treated here as new subgenera: subgenus Corymbia, including informal sections recognised by Hill and Johnson (1995), namely Rufaria (red bloodwoods), Apteria and Fundoria; and subgenus Blakella, including sections Politaria (spotted gums), Cadagaria, Blakearia (paper-fruited bloodwoods or ghost gums) and Ochraria (yellow bloodwoods). Hill and Johnson's section Rufaria is monophyletic if Apteria and Fundoria are included. It is evident that, among the red bloodwoods, series are not monophyletic and several morphological characters result from convergent evolution. There was strong morphological and molecular evidence that the three species of red bloodwoods that occur in south-western Western Australia (series Gummiferae: C. calophylla and C. haematoxylon, and series Ficifoliae: C. ficifolia) form a monophyletic group, separate from the eastern C. gummifera (series Gummiferae), which is probably sister to the clade of all other red bloodwoods. Phylogenetic results supported recognition of new taxonomic categories within Corymbia, and these are formalised here.

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Fruit micromorphological characters of the genus Grammosciadium DC. (Apiaceae) in Turkey

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.246.3.2 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 246 (3) ◽

pp. 184 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Baris Bani ◽

Muhammet Ali Karakaya ◽

Talip Çeter

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Identification Key ◽

Infrageneric Classification ◽

Micromorphological Characters ◽

Fruit Characters ◽

Fruit Surface

Fruit characters of all Turkish members of the genus Grammosciadium were investigated, emphasizing on their micromorphological features. Five different ornamentation patterns of the fruit surface were observed. A multivariate analysis was done with the macromorphological characters of the fruits. The combination of micromorphological and macromorphological data clearly resolved the infrageneric classification of the genus. An identification key based on both types of characters is presented for all the studied taxa.

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Speciation and infrageneric classification in the planktonic dinoflagellate Tripos (Gonyaulacales, Dinophyceae)

10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor-.ppwonuq.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Fernando Gomez

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Intraspecific Variability ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Marine Species ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Infrageneric Classification ◽

Numerous Species ◽

The Past ◽

Infraspecific Taxa

The genus Tripos , formerly marine species of Ceratium , is the dinoflagellate with the greatest number of species and infraspecific taxa (~800) due to the high morphological intraspecific variability of numerous species. In the past, the species of Tripos were proposed into distinct genera. A re-instatement of this generic split is not justified due the difficulties to circumscribe the basal subgenera Amphiceratium and Archaeceratium , and the polyphyletic character of Biceratium . A new infrageneric classification is proposed. The subgenus Amphiceratium is dismembered after the classification of the sections Inflata and partially Fusiformia into Archaeceratium . The subgenus Tripos (autonym) replaces other names such as Tripoceratium or Orthoceratium . Based on the original descriptions, the records of T. furca and T. lineatus correspond to T. eugrammus and T. furca , respectively, and T. macroceros has been reported as T. contrarius . The names T. belone and T. carriensis have been misapplied for T. pacificus and T. volans , respectively. Tripos arcuatus , T. gracilis , T. inclinatus , T. scapiformis and T. subcontortus are revived to replace T. euarcuatus , T. declinatus , T. horridus , T. longirostrum and T. contortus , respectively. The species T. ramakrishnae and T. fusus var. schuettii were described from individuals infected by endoparasites. Tripos rotundatus comb. nov . is proposed for C. digitatum var. rotundatum. As a result of taxonomic revision, Tripos is restricted to 57 correct species, although the speciation and synonymy is largely incomplete due to lack of studies in the life cycle and molecular data.

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Paepalanthus fabianeae (Eriocaulaceae): A New Microendemic Species from a Morphologically Coherent Clade

Systematic Botany ◽

10.1600/036364420x16033963649318 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 794-801

Author(s):

Caroline Oliveira Andrino ◽

Marcelo Fragomeni Simon ◽

Jair Eustáquio Quintino Faria ◽

André Luiz da Costa Moreira ◽

Paulo Takeo Sano

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Iucn Red List ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

Similar Species ◽

Infrageneric Classification ◽

Espinhaço Range ◽

Nuclear Its ◽

Two Populations

Abstract—We describe and illustrate Paepalanthus fabianeae, a new species of Eriocaulaceae from the central portion of the Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Previous phylogenetic evidence based on analyses of nuclear (ITS and ETS) and plastid (trnL-trnF and psba-trnH) sequences revealed P. fabianeae as belonging to a strongly supported and morphologically coherent clade containing five other species, all of them microendemic, restricted to the Espinhaço range. Due to the infrageneric classification of Paepalanthus being highly artificial, we preferred not assigning P. fabianeae to any infrageneric group. Paepalanthus fabianeae is known from two populations growing in campos rupestres (highland rocky fields) in the meridional Espinhaço Range. The species is characterized by pseudodichotomously branched stems, small, linear, recurved, and reflexed leaves, urceolate capitula, and bifid stigmas. Illustrations, photos, the phylogenetic position, and a detailed description, as well as comments on habitat, morphology, and affinities with similar species are provided. The restricted area of occurrence allied with threats to the quality of the habitat, mainly due to quartzite mining, justifies the preliminary classification of the new species in the Critically Endangered (CR) category using the guidelines and criteria of the IUCN Red List.

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