Germ-line Genetic Engineering in Light of the Theology of Marriage

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Sowerbutts
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Germ Line

GENETIC ENGINEERING TO IMPROVE RESISTANCE TO VIRAL DISEASES OF POULTRY: A MODEL FOR APPLICATION TO LIVESTOCK IMPROVEMENT

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. CRITTENDEN ◽  
D. W. SALTER
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Envelope Gene ◽  
Endogenous Virus ◽  
Species Barrier ◽  
Lymphoid Leukosis ◽  
Line Insertion

Several genetic engineering approaches can and will be used to control viral diseases in chickens. One approach is to insert genes for resistance in the germ line of the chicken. The endogenous avian leukosis virus (ALV) genes that segregate in the chicken serve as a natural model for germ line insertion and expression. One gene controls the expression of endogenous ALV envelope antigen. Chickens carrying that gene are resistant to infection with endogenous ALV. We propose, as a model, to insert the envelope gene of exogenous ALV, thus inserting a dominant gene for resistance to exogenous ALV. Our approach to germ line insertion in the chicken, including insertion methods, vectors and testing, is discussed. Genetic engineering approaches to animal breeding will only be useful as methods to enhance the efficacy of present breeding methods. Gene insertion can add new genetic variation by crossing the species barrier, and by introducing genes into highly productive lines one at a time. Molecular methods may also be useful for the introduction of chromosomal markers and to help identify major genes influencing phenotypes controlling productive efficiency. Key words: Germ line, vectors, retrovirus, chicken, endogenous virus, lymphoid leukosis

Psychiatry, Molecular Genetics and Ethics: The New Discoveries and the New Issues

1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
John McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Huntington's Chorea ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Recent Developments

Recent developments in molecular genetics are examined with particular reference to psychiatry. the new technologies available have allowed significant advances in the understanding of certain illnesses such as familial Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's chorea, and will provide powerful tools to explore many other important psychiatric illnesses. the area of genetic counselling is already characterized by complex ethical issues. We can expect that as the new technologies provide the prospect of positive germ line genetic engineering, these ethical issues will become more complex. It is important that psychiatrists prepare themselves for these future developments and take an active role in leading the debate.

Improving crops genome through genetic engineering of the key metabolic pathways

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e52272
Author(s):  
Olga Ivanovna Kershanskaya ◽  
Darya Sergeevna Nelidova ◽  
Gulvira Lemesovna Yessenbaeva ◽  
Sergey Nikolaevich Nelidov
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Innate Defense ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Soybean Plants

Soybean loss due to pests and pathogens is a serious problem worldwide. Soybean producers have few options to manage diseases caused by general pathogens where major genes for full resistance have not been discovered. The innate defense of soybean plants could be enhanced by improving content and composition of lignin by genetic engineering of the phenylpropanoid pathway. We used a novel technique of germ-line genetic transformation of soybean plants via natural pollen tubes as vectors. This technique uses Agrobacterium tumefaciens to mediate transfer of genes of interest to the zygote to introduce the key lignification genes (PtMYB4, PAL5, F5H, CAD1) into soybean genome. We observed 5.6% average transformation efficiency in the first generation of transgenic plants and in the second generation the presence of the transgene constructs was confirmed in more than 50% (for CsVMV/PtMYB4sens, 35SVTM/PAL5, C4H/F5H, CsVMV/CAD1 constructs) transgenic soybean lines. We confirmed the expression of the introduced genes at transcriptional level using RT-PCR and Northern blot. Functional analysis using lignin content determination and the activity of PAL5 and CAD1 enzymes demonstrated that the transgenes perform their function in planta. The proposed technique is effective and inexpensive and can be used to create novel stress and disease resistant soybean genotypes.

Cre expression in primary spermatocytes: A tool for genetic engineering of the germ line

1998 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédérique Vidal ◽  
Julien Sage ◽  
François Cuzin ◽  
Minoo Rassoulzadegan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Germ Line

Genetic Engineering

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-615
Author(s):  
Kevin Wilger ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Germ Line Cell ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Benefits

Genetic engineering is a rapidly evolving field of research with potentially powerful therapeutic applications. The technology CRISPR-Cas9 not only has improved the accuracy and overall feasbility of genome editing but also has increased access to users by lowering cost and increasing usability and speed. The potential benefits of genetic engineering may come with an increased risk of off-target events or carcinogenic growth. Germ-line cell therapy may also pose risks to potential progeny and thus have an additional burden of proof for safety. Persons responsible for evaluating the ethics of genetic-engineering research programs or clinical trials should do so in light of the nature, integrity, and totality of the human person. Recent news of the implantation and birth of genetically engineered human embryos is just one example of increased rogue science. Health care institutions should consider what steps can be taken to prevent or slow this trend.

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