Pastoral Criticism, Structural Collaboration: The Role of Ecclesial Power Structures in Modernization and Economic Individualization

This article analyzes the complex processes of modernization and individualization, as well as how the church has structurally fostered individualization despite its public criticism. First, the article demonstrates how modernization and individualization have gradually restructured human self-understanding into an economic image of humanity: the human person as homo oeconomicus. Second, this article examines the church's relation to modernity, and specifically its critiques of liberalism and economic individualism. However, the church has often generated the conditions and structures for individualization, and by extension the processes of acceleration and economization of the life-world that it criticizes. Three areas in intra-ecclesial discourse that foster individualization are examined: the interiorization of faith, ecclesial centralization and clerical bureaucracy, and the promotion of corporatism and digital immediacy. The article concludes by examining recent papal efforts at structural reform and the degree to which they address previously entrenched problems and point toward a renewed, non-economic anthropology.

Human Person in the Code of Canon Law of John Paul II

The Code of Canon Law, promulgated by John Paul II in 1983, is a synthesis of the earlier 1917 Code and the doctrine of the Second Vatican Council. The Code contains norms which go well beyond a reform of the inner legal relations within the Catholic Church. A lot of them deal with the value and dignity of the human person, which shows a clear impact of the pontificate of John Paul II, who put a lot of emphasis on the given issue. The article discusses the fields of legal regulations in the Code which touch upon the issue of the human person, esp. freedom of religion, protection of unborn life, social rights, legal standing of women and the education of future generations. It points out the main difference between civil law (which also serves the dignity of the human person) and canon law, namely, the latter aims at the salvation of souls.

“Person” in the Law of Religious [Institutes]

The emphasis on the human person and his dignity was significantly applied in the new regulation of the law of consecrated life, which is dealt with in the new Code of Canon Law of 1983 in integrum compared to the previous Code of Canon Law of 1917. This paper describes only some of the changes in the law of religious institutes in the Latin Church.The first section regards mainly the person who has taken religious vows and focuses on the question of religious vows as the basis of religious life. It also discusses confessors viewed as a necessary tool for the renewal of religious life as well as modifications in the concept of poverty as a very important element of religious life. The second section focuses on the government of religious institutes, discussing the strengthened position of internal superiors over external superiors in religious congregations, the strengthened position of the superior of monasteries of nuns, and the extended powers of superiors on release from a religious institute due to illegitimate absence from a religious house.As this is in some cases a very recent legal regulation, the author does not hesitate to express his critical observations.

On Karol Wojtyła’s Aristotelian Method Part II Induction and Reduction as Aristotelian Induction (ἐπαγωγή) and Division (διαίρεσις)

This is the second of a two-part study treating Karol Wojtyła’s Aristotelian methodology. Having presented Aristotle’s method of induction (ἐπαγωγή/epagoge) and analysis (ἀνάλῠσις/analusis) or division (διαίρεσις/diairesis) in Part I, Part II discloses the logical form and force of Wojtyła’s method of induction and reduction as Aristotelian induction and division. Looking primarily to the introduction to The Acting Person, it is shown that Wojtyła utilizes the logical forms of reductio ad impossibile and reasoning on the hypothesis of the end, or effect-cause reasoning, which is special to the life sciences and the power-object model of definition as set down by Aristotle. By use of this Aristotelian methodology, Wojtyła obtains definitive knowledge of the human person that is necessary and undeniable: he discloses the εἶδος (eidos) or species of the person in the Aristotelian, Thomistic, and Phenomenological sense of the term.

Syrian Refugees in Brazil: Protection of Human Rights and their Developments

This study will present the issue of Syrian refugees in Brazil, whose immigration event occurs because of the terrible conditions offered in their native country, which makes these individuals seek refuge in other countries, seeking, in addition to a better condition, a life that is worthy. It is understood that the concept of dignified life goes against what is advocated by the Brazilian Federal Constitution, as well as fundamental rights, and even more related to the dignity of the human person. Thus, this article will bring an analysis of the context of this event, which has been happening quite frequently, making Brazil one of the countries that most welcome immigrants in the world. However, one factor draws attention in the middle of this process, as the Covid-19 pandemic has been following the population for more than a year, which makes border controls more rigid. In addition, Brazil, with its native population, is already experiencing various social problems, such as hunger, unemployment, poor distribution of income and gold, which makes us rethink whether the rights and dealings with these refugees are truly effective, in order to welcome and help in the development of a dignified life. The research will have its principle bibliographic reviews, in books, journals and articles referring to the area, in order to bring different standards that can be worked in society and contribute to the scientific community. It is evident that a dignified life is only possible if the guarantees, freedom, equity, and other principles, such as the dignity of the human person, provided by the Federal Constitution are observed. with its native population, is already experiencing various social problems, such as hunger, unemployment, poor distribution of income and gold, which makes us rethink whether the rights and dealings with these refugees are being truly effective, in order to welcome and help in the development of a dignified life. The research will have its principle bibliographic reviews, in books, journals and articles referring to the area, in order to bring different standards that can be worked in society and contribute to the scientific community. It is evident that a dignified life is only possible if the guarantees, freedom, equity, and other principles, such as the dignity of the human person, provided by the Federal Constitution are observed. with its native population, is already experiencing various social problems, such as hunger, unemployment, poor distribution of income and gold, which makes us rethink whether the rights and dealings with these refugees are being truly effective, in order to welcome and help in the development of a dignified life. The research will have its principle bibliographic reviews, in books, journals and articles referring to the area, in order to bring different standards that can be worked in society and contribute to the scientific community. It is evident that a dignified life is only possible if the guarantees, freedom, equity, and other principles, such as the dignity of the human person, provided by the Federal Constitution are observed. Poor distribution of income and gold, which makes us rethink whether the rights and dealings with these refugees are being truly effective, in order to welcome and help in the development of a dignified life. The research will have its principle bibliographic reviews, in books, journals and articles referring to the area, in order to bring different standards that can be worked in society and contribute to the scientific community. It is evident that a dignified life is only possible if the guarantees, freedom, equity, and other principles, such as the dignity of the human person, provided by the Federal Constitution are observed. poor distribution of income and gold, which makes us rethink whether the rights and dealings with these refugees are being truly effective, in order to welcome and help in the development of a dignified life. The research will have its principle bibliographic reviews, in books, journals and articles referring to the area, in order to bring different standards that can be worked in society and contribute to the scientific community. It is evident that a dignified life is only possible if the guarantees, freedom, equity, and other principles, such as the dignity of the human person, provided by the Federal Constitution are observed. The research will have its principle bibliographic reviews, in books, journals and articles referring to the area, in order to bring different standards that can be worked in society and contribute to the scientific community. It is evident that a dignified life is only possible if the guarantees, freedom, equity, and other principles, such as the dignity of the human person, provided by the Federal Constitution are observed. The research will have its principle bibliographic reviews, in books, journals and articles referring to the area, in order to bring different standards that can be worked in society and contribute to the scientific community. It is evident that a dignified life is only possible if the guarantees, freedom, equity, and other principles, such as the dignity of the human person, provided by the Federal Constitution are observed. Keywords: Refugees; Syria; Human rights; Dignity of human person; Warranties.

Realism of Political Activity in the Teaching of Pope Francis

This paper presents an argument for political realism in response to the trends of populism and liberalism. Pope Francis emphasizes the need to restore a social order whose functioning would be judged from the perspective of the common good. The human person holds an overriding social value that is not subject to the laws of exchange. This unique status justifies selflessness of action as a long-term measure aimed at restoring social equity. In that context, education as a process of the formation of personality becomes synonymous with the process of humanization of the world, where the human person is increasingly conscious of his or her subjectivity. Conversely, the ideologies of populism and liberalism and the resulting systems aim to objectify the individual by catering to the lowest instincts and seeking immediate benefits. In his political reflection, Pope Francis draws directly from his encyclical letter Laudato si, and thus – indirectly – from the constitution Gaudium et Spes.

Direito à Não Discriminação e à Verdade Biológica dos Nascidos por PMA em Portugal e no Brasil

This study discusses issues related to Medically Assisted Procreation, particularly about heterologous artificial insemination – using genetic material from third parties – and “replacement pregnancy” in Portugal and Brazil. Therefore, it addresses the right to “biological truth” for those born by PMA and non-discrimination in the use of genetic material, focusing on respect for the dignity of the human person. It is questioned how advances in science in this area can lead, in the case of PMA, to the choice of “perfect” embryos, and we start from the hypothesis that this leads to “genetic eugenics.” Methodologically, this is an exploratory bibliographical review. According to the Portuguese standard, the PMA has as beneficiaries the hetero couple, the single woman and women who are married or in a de facto union who can even have a “shared pregnancy”, but the “replacement pregnancy” is only done exceptionally and is not donor secrecy allowed. In Brazil, if it is free and with the help of relatives up to the fourth degree, regardless of the peer’s sexual orientation and maintaining the confidentiality of the donor, the “replacement pregnancy” is guaranteed to everyone.

Psicologia do Testemunho: dos Primórdios à Atualidade

This paper has the objective to show the scientific contribution of Psychology of Testimony, understanding the phenomenon of false memories, affecting the veracity of the testimonies and the identification of suspect. Thus, the hypothesis to be considered is if the Psychology of Testimony is helpful bringing scientific criteria for the testimony and suspect identification, reducing judicial errors and the condemnation of innocents. The methodology used is based on a bibliographic review. For this purpose, the origin of Psychology of Testimony is described, pointing its main milestones and how the science has been developed with the various experiments and discoveries. It is important to verify how human memory works and what can be expected from it, considering the scope of testimonies being realized at police station and at judicial hearing. The false memories effect is considered as well. Afterward, it is analyzed how the Code of Criminal Procedure considers the testimonies of the victims and witness, besides the suspect identification. It also pursued to demonstrate possible existing distinction between the Code’s rules and the reality, reflecting on potential judicial errors. Finally, based on the Psychology of Testimony and dignity of the human person, there are suggestions related to be the best way to make the victims and witnesses´ testimony, in addition to suspect identification.

Evaluasi Pendidikan Menuju Insan Kamil Perspektif Filsafat Islam

This article aims to learn how to conduct an adequate evaluation using approaches based on Islamic philosophy. Because inconsistencies in the implementation of educational assessments can lead to less than optimal results after inspection, this requires appropriate methods for the full review. The author made this article with a library approach, collecting materials from library books, research reports, newspapers, books, research reports, theses, dissertations, and scientific journals in print and non-print media. In Islamic education, the purpose of the evaluation is to make al-Insan al-Kamil human or a complete human person. Likewise, the purpose of education is to educate students to have faith, be pious, develop a religious mentality, master science, and apply what has been learned in school to adapt to the life of the wider community. Evaluation can also provide feedback to students about their achievements and the extent of their perspectives and knowledge during the learning process. Philosophy also educates people to think, have insight, and reason broadly to view an event or problem from various perspectives, with the result being the correct answer.

On the Notion of Person in Confucianism

The article presents the notion of person in Confucianism in the context of biographical background of Confucius (551-479 B.C.). As an itinerant sage Confucius taught the practical significance of moral values in the social and political life. His disciples collected his teachings in Analects, in which Confucius noticed that at his age of 50 he knew the will of Heaven (A 11:4). He began to teach Humanism with respect to Transcendence (T’ien).According to the great specialists, Prof. Tu Wei-Ming (Harvard University) and Prof. John Berthrong (Boston University), “the social dimension” of the human person in Confucianism is important and the person is conceived as “a center of relationships” and as a self of personal development (selfhood as creative transformation). There are five universal ways in human relations which are governed by five moral principles. The five ways are those governing the relationships between ruler and minister, between father and son, between husband and wife, between elder and younger brothers, and those in the intercourse between friends. The core of the human person is humanity (jen or ren).Just as “compassion” is the greatest Buddhist virtue, and “love” the Christian, jen is the ultimate goal of conduct and self-transformation for the Confucian. According to Confucius, education reforms a personal life as well as a social and political life in order to realize a universal love and a personal development of man (juncy).