Psychiatry, Molecular Genetics and Ethics: The New Discoveries and the New Issues

1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
John McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Huntington's Chorea ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Recent Developments

Recent developments in molecular genetics are examined with particular reference to psychiatry. the new technologies available have allowed significant advances in the understanding of certain illnesses such as familial Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's chorea, and will provide powerful tools to explore many other important psychiatric illnesses. the area of genetic counselling is already characterized by complex ethical issues. We can expect that as the new technologies provide the prospect of positive germ line genetic engineering, these ethical issues will become more complex. It is important that psychiatrists prepare themselves for these future developments and take an active role in leading the debate.

Recent Developments of Ambulatory Assessment Methods

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Hey ◽  
Panagiota Anastasopoulou ◽  
André Bideaux ◽  
Wilhelm Stork
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Ambulatory Assessment ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Physiological Sensors

Ambulatory assessment of emotional states as well as psychophysiological, cognitive and behavioral reactions constitutes an approach, which is increasingly being used in psychological research. Due to new developments in the field of information and communication technologies and an improved application of mobile physiological sensors, various new systems have been introduced. Methods of experience sampling allow to assess dynamic changes of subjective evaluations in real time and new sensor technologies permit a measurement of physiological responses. In addition, new technologies facilitate the interactive assessment of subjective, physiological, and behavioral data in real-time. Here, we describe these recent developments from the perspective of engineering science and discuss potential applications in the field of neuropsychology.

3D Printing in Pharmaceuticals: Regulatory Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (42) ◽  
pp. 5081-5083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd. A. Mirza ◽  
Zeenat Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Pharmaceutical Product ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Data Bases ◽  
Drug Products ◽  
Regulatory Perspective ◽  
Regulatory Guidelines ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Technical Issues

Background: The last few decades have witnessed enormous advancements in the field of Pharmaceutical drug, design and delivery. One of the recent developments is the advent of 3DP technology. It has earlier been successfully employed in fields like aerospace, architecture, tissue engineering, biomedical research, medical device and others, has recently forayed into the pharmaceutical industry.Commonly understood as an additive manufacturing technology, 3DP aims at delivering customized drug products and is the most acceptable form of“personalized medicine”. Methods: Data bases and search engines of regulatory agencies like USFDA and EMA have been searched thoroughly for relevant guidelines and approved products. Other portals like PubMed and Google Scholar were also ferreted for any relevant repository of publications are referred to wherever required. Results: So far only one pharmaceutical product has been approved in this category by USFDA and stringent regulatory agencies are working over the drafting of guidelines and technical issues. Major research of this category belongs to the academic domain. Conclusion: It is also implicit to such new technologies that there would be numerous challenges and doubts before these are accepted as safe and efficacious. The situation demands concerted and cautious efforts to bring in foolproof regulatory guidelines which would ultimately lead to the success of this revolutionary technology.

Mass Spectrometry for Proteomics and Recent Developments in ESI, MALDI and other Ionization Methodologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-276
Author(s):  
Qurat ul Ain Farooq ◽  
Noor ul Haq ◽  
Abdul Aziz ◽  
Sara Aimen ◽  
Muhammad Inam ul Haq
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Electrospray Ionization ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Desorption Electrospray Ionization ◽  
High Throughput Analysis ◽  
Enhanced Sensitivity ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Way

Background: Mass spectrometry is a tool used in analytical chemistry to identify components in a chemical compound and it is of tremendous importance in the field of biology for high throughput analysis of biomolecules, among which protein is of great interest. Objective: Advancement in proteomics based on mass spectrometry has led the way to quantify multiple protein complexes, and proteins interactions with DNA/RNA or other chemical compounds which is a breakthrough in the field of bioinformatics. Methods: Many new technologies have been introduced in electrospray ionization (ESI) and Matrixassisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) techniques which have enhanced sensitivity, resolution and many other key features for the characterization of proteins. Results: The advent of ambient mass spectrometry and its different versions like Desorption Electrospray Ionization (DESI), DART and ELDI has brought a huge revolution in proteomics research. Different imaging techniques are also introduced in MS to map proteins and other significant biomolecules. These drastic developments have paved the way to analyze large proteins of >200kDa easily. Conclusion: Here, we discuss the recent advancement in mass spectrometry, which is of great importance and it could lead us to further deep analysis of the molecules from different perspectives and further advancement in these techniques will enable us to find better ways for prediction of molecules and their behavioral properties.

New Technologies and the Prospects for Europe's Farmers

1988 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-6
Author(s):  
Patrick Commins ◽  
James V. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Commercial Viability

This article examines possible future developments with particular references to the role of new technology and the implications for Europe's agricultural producers. The main proposition is that the maintenance of commercial viability will oblige producers to adopt innovations and new practices, but the most successful will be farmers with the greater economic resources and superior managerial abilities. The outcome will be increasing socio-economic differentiation within the EEC population of agricultural producers and an increasing proportion of farm output coming from the top 20 per cent of farmers in the Community.

scholarly journals Molecular genetics of bipolar disorder

2001 ◽  
Vol 178 (S41) ◽  
pp. s128-s133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Craddock ◽  
Ian Jones
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
Adoption Studies ◽  
Candidate Gene Association

BackgroundA robust body of evidence from family, twin and adoption studies demonstrates the importance of genes in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder. Recent advances in molecular genetics have made it possible to identify these susceptibility genes.AimsTo present an overview for clinical psychiatrists.MethodReview of current molecular genetics approaches and emerging findings.ResultsOccasional families may exist in which a single gene plays a major role in determining susceptibility, but the majority of bipolar disorder involves more complex genetic mechanisms such as the interaction of multiple genes and environmental factors. Molecular genetic positional and candidate gene approaches are being used for the genetic dissection of bipolar disorder. No gene has yet been identified but promising findings are emerging. Regions of interest include chromosomes 4p16, 12q23–q24, 16p13, 21q22, and Xq24–q26. Candidate gene association studies are in progress but no robust positive findings have yet emerged.ConclusionIt is almost certain that over the next few years the identification of bipolar susceptiblity genes will have a major impact on our understanding of disease pathophysiology. This is likely to lead to major improvements and treatment in patient care, but will also raise important ethical issues.

Mesencephalic GABA neuronal development: no more on the other side of oblivion

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 371-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suyan Li ◽  
Sampada Joshee ◽  
Anju Vasudevan
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Neuronal Development ◽  
Developmental Regulation ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Neuronal Populations ◽  
Gaba Neurons ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Brain

AbstractMidbrain GABA neurons, endowed with multiple morphological, physiological and molecular characteristics as well as projection patterns are key players interacting with diverse regions of the brain and capable of modulating several aspects of behavior. The diversity of these GABA neuronal populations based on their location and function in the dorsal, medial or ventral midbrain has challenged efforts to rapidly uncover their developmental regulation. Here we review recent developments that are beginning to illuminate transcriptional control of GABA neurons in the embryonic midbrain (mesencephalon) and discuss its implications for understanding and treatment of neurological and psychiatric illnesses.

The Ethics of Mobile Health Technology

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S39-S39
Author(s):  
S. Galderisi ◽  
F. Caputo
Keyword(s):  
Health Equity ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quality Healthcare ◽  
Health Technologies

IntroductionMobile health (m-health) technology has been growing rapidly in the last decades. The use of this technology represents an advantage, especially for reaching patients who otherwise would have no access to healthcare. However, many ethical issues arise from the use of m-health. Health equity, privacy policies, adequate informed consent and a competent, safe and high quality healthcare need to be guaranteed; professional standards and quality of doctor-patient relationship in the digital setting should not be lower than those set for in-person practice.AimsTo assess advantages and threats that may arise from the wide use of m-health technologies, in order to guarantee the application of the best medical practices, resulting in the highest quality healthcare.MethodsA literature search has been conducted to highlight the most pressing ethical issues emerging from the spreading of m-health technologies.ResultsFew ethical guidelines on the appropriate use of m-health have been developed to help clinicians adopt a professional conduct within digital settings. They focus on the need for professional associations to define ethical guidelines and for physicians to take care of their education and online behavior when using m-health technologies.ConclusionsThe rapid spreading of m-health technologies urges us to evaluate all ethical issues related to its use. It would be advisable to produce an ethical code for the use of these new technologies, to guarantee health equity, privacy protection, high quality doctor-patient relationships and to ensure that m-health is not chosen over traditional care for merely economic purposes.Disclosure of interestSG received honoraria or Advisory board/consulting fees from the following companies: Lundbeck, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Hoffman-La Roche, Angelini-Acraf, Otsuka, Pierre Fabre and Gedeon-Richter. All other authors have declared.

Dysphagia: implications for older people

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Miller ◽  
J Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Economic ◽  
Older People ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Management Of Dysphagia

SummaryDysphagia represents a salient concern in many conditions prevalent in older people. There are direct implications for morbidity and mortality. The importance of recognizing and managing dysphagia in hospital and the community also extends to psychosocial impact and quality of life, as well as health, economic and ethical-legal issues. This review outlines reasons for the importance of recognizing and treating dysphagia. It then proceeds to look at recent developments in our understanding of the nature, assessment and management of dysphagia in older people. Whilst there are well-established practices in assessment and management, ongoing work continues to challenge the validity and reliability of many methods. These concerns are covered and directions for future developments highlighted.

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