scholarly journals Inter-individual Variability in Gut Microbiota Composition Is Associated With Changes in the Fecal Metabolome of Individuals Consuming a Military Ration Diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1164-1164
Author(s):  
J Philip Karl ◽  
Nicholes Armstrong ◽  
Patrick Radcliffe ◽  
Holly McClung
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽  
Medicine Research ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Objectives The fecal metabolome provides a functional readout of interactions between host, diet and the gut microbiota that may help identify gut microbiota-derived compounds associated with health outcomes. This study aimed to determine associations between inter-individual variability in gut microbiota composition, diet-induced changes in the fecal metabolome and gastrointestinal symptoms in adults consuming a diet consisting solely of military rations. Methods Secondary analysis of a randomized-controlled trial in which 54 healthy adults (32 ± 14 yr, BMI 26 ± 3 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to consume their usual diet (Control) or a provided diet of Meal, Ready-to-Eat military rations (MRE) for 3wk. Fecal microbiota composition was measured by 16S rRNA sequencing and the fecal metabolome by untargeted UPLC-MS/MS at baseline and post-intervention. Self-reported gastrointestinal symptoms were measured weekly using the Irritable Bowel Severity Scoring System (IBSSS). Results Principal coordinates analysis of baseline gut microbiota composition separated MRE participants into two clusters determined primarily by ratio of Bacteroides to Prevotella (HIGH (n = 17) or LOW (n = 10)). Random Forest classification of changes in the fecal metabolome within Control, HIGH, and LOW produced error rates of 7%, 18% and 100%, respectively, suggesting a more discriminant metabolome response in HIGH than LOW. Between-group differences in 153 metabolites were detected by ANOVA (FDR <0.20). Among those, 39 identified and 20 unidentified metabolites demonstrated an association with the gut microbiota (HIGH vs. LOW, P < 0.05). Compounds within xenobiotic, peptide/amino acid, and lipid metabolism pathways comprised 29 of the microbiota-associated metabolites. Changes in microbiota-associated metabolites were not correlated with changes in IBSSS scores. Conclusions Changes in the fecal metabolome of individuals consuming a short-term military ration diet are associated with inter-individual variability in gut microbiota composition, but changes in microbiota-associated fecal metabolites do not appear to impact gastrointestinal symptoms. Funding Sources Military Operational Medicine Research Program. Disclaimer Authors’ views do not reflect official DoD or Army policy.

scholarly journals Effects of aronia berry (poly)phenols on vascular function and gut microbiota: a double-blind randomized controlled trial in adult men

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Istas ◽  
Eleanor Wood ◽  
Melanie Le Sayec ◽  
Claudia Rawlings ◽  
Jeeyoung Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Phenolic Metabolites ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

ABSTRACT Background Aronia melanocarpa is a rich source of (poly)phenols. Previous research has demonstrated that these berries may provide cardiovascular health benefits in high-risk populations. However, very few studies have investigated the effects of daily consumption of dietary achievable amounts of the berries in healthy subjects. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aronia berries on vascular function and gut microbiota composition in a healthy population. Methods A double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel designed study was conducted in 66 healthy men randomly allocated to consume a (poly)phenol-rich extract (116 mg, 75 g berries), a whole fruit powder (12 mg, 10 g berries), or placebo (maltodextrin) for 12 wk. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD), arterial stiffness, blood pressure, heart rate, and serum biochemistry were assessed. Plasma (poly)phenol metabolites were analyzed by LC-MS. Gut microbiota composition was determined via 16S rRNA sequencing in stool samples. Results Consumption of aronia whole fruit and extract powder for 12 wk led to a significant increase in FMD over control of 0.9% ± 0.4% (95% CI: 0.13%, 1.72%) and 1.2% ± 0.4% (95% CI: 0.36%, 1.97%), respectively. Acute improvements in FMD were also observed 2 h after consumption of aronia extract on day 1 (1.1% ± 0.3%, P = 0.003) and 12 wk later (1.5% ± 0.4%, P = 0.0001). Circulating plasma phenolic metabolites increased upon consumption of the aronia treatments. Although no changes were found in gut microbiota diversity, consumption of aronia extract increased the growth of Anaerostipes (+10.6%, P = 0.01), whereas aronia whole fruit showed significant increases in Bacteroides (+193%, P = 0.01). Correlation analysis identified significant associations between changes in FMD, aronia-derived phenolic metabolites, and specific gut microbial genera. Conclusions In healthy men, consumption of aronia berry (poly)phenols improved endothelial function and modulated gut microbiota composition, indicating that regular aronia consumption has the potential to maintain cardiovascular health in individuals at low risk of cardiovascular disease. This trial was registered at CLINICALTRIALs.gov as NCT03041961.

scholarly journals Multi-strain fermented milk promotes gut microbiota recovery after Helicobacter pylori therapy: a randomised, controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Guillemard ◽  
Marion Poirel ◽  
Florent Schäfer ◽  
Laurent Quinquis ◽  
Caroline Rossoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Test Product ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Gi Symptoms ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

AbstractBACKGROUNDHelicobacter pylori (Hp) eradication therapy can alter gut microbiota, provoking gastro-intestinal (GI) symptoms that can be improved by probiotics. The effect on Hp patients of a Test fermented milk containing yogurt and three Lacticaseibacillus (L. paracasei CNCM I-1518, CNCM I-3689, L. rhamnosus CNCM I-3690) strains was assessed on antibiotic associated diarrhea (AAD) (primary aim), GI-symptoms, gut microbiota composition and metabolites. In this aim, a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial was performed in 136 adults under Hp-treatment (14-day amoxicillin, clarithromycin, pantoprazole), who consumed the Test or a Control product for 28 days. Feces were analysed for gut microbiota composition, short chain fatty acids (SCFA), calprotectin, and viability of ingested strains.RESULTSNo effect of Test product was observed on AAD occurrence or duration, rating scores or number of days of GI symptoms. Hp-treatment induced a significant alteration in bacterial and fungal composition, a decrease of bacterial count and alpha-diversity, an increase of Candida and of calprotectin, and a decrease of SCFA concentration. Following Hp treatment, in the Test as compared to Control group, intra-subject beta-diversity distance from baseline was lower (padj=0.02), Escherichia-Shigella (padj=0.0082) and Klebsiella (padj= 0.013) were significantly less abundant, and concentrations of major SCFA (p=0.035) and valerate (p = 0.045) were higher. Viable Lp and Lr strains from the Test product were mainly detected during product consumption in feces.CONCLUSIONSThe study showed that 14-day Hp triple therapy alters gut bacterial and fungal community, their metabolites and gut inflammatory markers. Consumption of a multi-strain fermented milk can induce faster recovery of the microbiota composition and SCFA production and limit the bloom of pathobionts. (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02900196; First Posted : September 14, 2016; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02900196).

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