Quantitation of Beta Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol by Densitometric Evaluation of Disc Electropherograms

Abstract This paper describes a rapid, facile, and accurate new procedure for determination of marginal Type IV or Type II hyperlipoproteinemias, in which discontinuous (disc) electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel is used to quantitate LDL (beta) cholesterol without ultracentrifugation. Fasting sera, previously assayed by ultracentrifugation and chemical technique, were prestained with Sudan Black, and the lipoproteins were separated by disc electrophoresis. The beta-lipoprotein fraction of each electrophoretic pattern was quantitated by densitometry. The values for the integrated densitometric peak areas for the beta fraction and the chemically assayed cholesterol of the ultracentrifuged LDL fraction correlated well (r = .90). Results were determined from a curve relating chemical concentration of the integrated peak values by densitometry to the known LDL cholesterol of a series of standards.

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An Analysis of Solar Burst Type II, III, and IV and Determination of a Drift Rate of a Single Type III Solar Burst

International Letters of Chemistry Physics and Astronomy ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.38.160 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

pp. 160-170

Author(s):

Zety Sharizat Hamidi ◽

M.B. Ibrahim ◽

N.N.M. Shariff ◽

C. Monstein

Keyword(s):

Solar Radio ◽

Drift Rate ◽

Plasma Frequency ◽

Single Type ◽

Type Ii ◽

Type Iii ◽

Solar Burst ◽

Type Iv ◽

Solar Bursts

The main feature of solar radio type II, III and IV burst is outlined. In this event there are three combinations of bursts that related to the solar flare phenomenon on 6th July 2012. This event is one of good example to observe how far the influence of type II burst could impact the formation of type IV burst and III solar bursts. At first stage, it was observed that a sub-type of H burst form within 2 minutes before type IV solar burst form. The type IV burst is due to the eruption of active region AR 1515 with a fine structure (FS). We used a Blein CALLISTO data in this case. Further analysis also showed that the total energy of the burst are in the range of 4.875 × 10-25 J to 8.48 × 10-25 J and plasma frequency is equal to 1.24 × 104 Hz. Therefore, we could say that in this case, before the solar burst type III occurred, the ejection of CMEs already ejected

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Labelling of non-A, non-B hepatitis infected chimpanzee hepatocytes with nuclease-gold conjugates

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100111367 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 250-251

Author(s):

G. D. Gagne ◽

M. F. Miller ◽

D. A. Peterson

Keyword(s):

Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Experimental Infection ◽

Uranyl Acetate ◽

Type I ◽

Cellular Injury ◽

Type Ii ◽

Tubular Structures ◽

Type Iii ◽

Type Iv ◽

Infected Chimpanzee

Experimental infection of chimpanzees with non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANB) or with delta agent hepatitis results in the appearance of characteristic cytoplasmic alterations in the hepatocytes. These alterations include spongelike inclusions (Type I), attached convoluted membranes (Type II), tubular structures (Type III), and microtubular aggregates (Type IV) (Fig. 1). Type I, II and III structures are, by association, believed to be derived from endoplasmic reticulum and may be morphogenetically related. Type IV structures are generally observed free in the cytoplasm but sometimes in the vicinity of type III structures. It is not known whether these structures are somehow involved in the replication and/or assembly of the putative NANB virus or whether they are simply nonspecific responses to cellular injury. When treated with uranyl acetate, type I, II and III structures stain intensely as if they might contain nucleic acids. If these structures do correspond to intermediates in the replication of a virus, one might expect them to contain DNA or RNA and the present study was undertaken to explore this possibility.

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The distribution and density of ciliary tufts on the siphons of Anodonta cygnea (Mollusca: Bivalvia)

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100160145 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 518-519

Author(s):

Wen-lung Wu

Keyword(s):

Osmium Tetroxide ◽

Internal Surface ◽

Mechanical Stimuli ◽

Type Ii ◽

Sensory Receptors ◽

Anodonta Cygnea ◽

Type Iv ◽

Sem Study ◽

Inhalant Siphon ◽

Type V

The mantle of bivalves has come entirely to enclose the laterally compressed body and the mantle margin has assumed a variety of functions, one of the pricipal ones being sensory. Ciliary tufts, which are probably sensory, have been reported from the mantle and siphons of several bivalves1∽4. Certain regions of the mantle margin are likely to be more or less, sensitive to certain stimuli than others. The inhalant siphon is likely to be particularly sensitive to both chemical and mechanical stimuli, whereas the exhalant siphon will be less sensitive to both. The distribution and density of putative sensory receptors on the in-and ex-halant siphon is compared in this paper.The excised siphons were fixed in glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide, the whole procedure of SEM study is recorded in Wu's thesis.Type II cilia cover the tips of tentacles, 6.13um. Type IV and type V cilia are found on the surface of tentacles. Type IV cilia are occasionally present at the tips of tentacles, 8 um long. They are the commonest type on the surface of tentacles. Type VI cilia occor in the internal surface of the inhalant siphon, but are not found on the surface of tentacles, 6.7-10um long.

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The Effect of Antithrombin III on the Activity of the Coagulation Factors VII, IX and X

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1647922 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 35 (02) ◽

pp. 295-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

B Østerud ◽

M Miller-Andersson ◽

U Abildgaard ◽

H Prydz

Keyword(s):

Antithrombin Iii ◽

Factor Xa ◽

Coagulation Factors ◽

Disc Electrophoresis ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel ◽

Factor Vii ◽

Native Form ◽

Factor Ixa ◽

Plasma Factor

SummaryAntithrombin III, purified to homogeneity according to Polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis, inhibited the activity of purified factor IXa and Xa, whereas factor VII was not inhibited either in the active or in the native form.Antithrombin III is the single most important inhibitor of factor Xa in plasma. Factor Xa does not, however, reduce the activity of antithrombin III against thrombin.

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Disc-electrophoresis of modified human globin in stepwise gradient of concentration of polyacrylamide gel

Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications ◽

10.1135/cccc19692478 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 34 (8) ◽

pp. 2478-2481

Author(s):

S. Ulrych

Keyword(s):

Disc Electrophoresis ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel ◽

Stepwise Gradient

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Outcomes of one-stage reconstruction for chronic multiligament injuries of knee

Knee Surgery and Related Research ◽

10.1186/s43019-020-00083-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tarun Goyal ◽

Souvik Paul ◽

Sushovan Banerjee ◽

Lakshmana Das

Keyword(s):

Cruciate Ligament ◽

Lysholm Score ◽

Activity Level ◽

Type Ii ◽

Hamstring Tendons ◽

Peroneus Longus ◽

Type Iii ◽

Type Iv ◽

Ikdc Score

Abstract Purpose This article aims to evaluate patterns of chronic multiligament injuries and outcomes of treatment with single-stage reconstruction using autografts. Methods All patients with clinicoradiologically diagnosed multiligament knee injury (MKI) were included in this prospective observational study. As the time since injury was more than 6 weeks in all of the patients, they were categorized as having chronic MKI. Patients were assessed clinically for laxity, and the diagnosis was confirmed radiologically. Ipsilateral hamstring tendons were used for medial collateral ligament (MCL) or posterolateral corner reconstruction in a patient with Schenck knee dislocation (KD) type III. In these cases, the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) were reconstructed by using the peroneus longus and contralateral hamstring tendons respectively. Ipsilateral hamstring tendons were used for ACL reconstruction and an ipsilateral peroneus longus tendon graft was used for reconstruction of the PCL in a KD type II injury. In two cases of KD type IV injury, the lateral laxity was only grade II and was managed conservatively; the rest of the ligaments were addressed like a KD type III injury. Outcome evaluation was done using a visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Lysholm score, and Tegner activity level, preoperatively and postoperatively at 2 years’ follow-up. Results A total of 27 patients of mean age 33.48 ± 9.9 years with MKI were included in the study. The patients were classified as eight KD type II, 17 KD type III, and two KD type IV. The majority of the patients had associated meniscal (59.2%) or chondral (40.7%) injuries. At the 2 years’ follow-up visit, there were significant improvements in VAS score (p = 0.0001) IKDC score (p = 0.0001), Lysholm score (p = 0.0001), and range of motion (p = 0.001). None of the patients had residual laxity on clinical examination of the knee joint at the 2 years’ follow-up. All but two of the patients went back to their previous activity level. These two patients had progressive knee arthritis and needed knee arthroplasty. Conclusion Single-stage surgical reconstruction for chronic MKI has favourable functional outcomes. Level of evidence Level IV, case series.

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Brachial supporting structure of Spiriferida (Brachiopoda)

Journal of Paleontology ◽

10.1017/jpa.2020.106 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Zhiwei Yuan ◽

Wen Guo ◽

Dan Lyu ◽

Yuanlin Sun

Keyword(s):

Mantle Cavity ◽

Family Type ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Feeding Apparatus ◽

Single Family ◽

Supporting Structure ◽

Type Iii ◽

Type Iv ◽

Evolutionary Lineages

Abstract The filter-feeding organ of some extinct brachiopods is supported by a skeletal apparatus called the brachidium. Although relatively well studied in Atrypida and Athyridida, the brachidial morphology is usually neglected in Spiriferida. To investigate the variations of brachidial morphology in Spiriferida, 65 species belonging to eight superfamilies were analyzed. Based on the presence/absence of the jugal processes and normal/modified primary lamellae of the spiralia, four types of brachidium are recognized. Type-I (with jugal processes) and Type-II (without jugal processes), both having normal primary lamellae, could give rise to each other by losing/re-evolving the jugal processes. Type-III, without jugal processes, originated from Type-II through evolution of the modified lateral-convex primary lamellae, and it subsequently gave rise to Type-IV by evolving the modified medial-convex primary lamellae. The evolution of brachidia within individual evolutionary lineages must be clarified because two or more types can be present within a single family. Type-III and Type-IV are closely associated with the prolongation of the crura, representing innovative modifications of the feeding apparatus in response to possible shift in the position of the mouth towards the anterior, allowing for more efficient feeding on particles entering the mantle cavity from the anterior gape. Meanwhile, the modified primary lamellae adjusted/regulated the feeding currents. The absence of spires in some taxa with Type-IV brachidium might suggest that they developed a similar lophophore to that in some extant brachiopods, which can extend out of the shell.

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Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induce into Chondrocytes in 3D Cultured System

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.749.198 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 749 ◽

pp. 198-205

Author(s):

Li Yu ◽

Jing Liu ◽

Chao Xu ◽

Er Mei Luo ◽

Ming Qiao Tang

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Alcian Blue ◽

Culture System ◽

Type Ii Collagen ◽

Human Umbilical Cord ◽

Type Ii ◽

Pellet Culture ◽

Hla Dr

Objective: To investigate a better method of inducing hUC-MSCs into chondrocytes in different culture system in vitro. Method: hUC-MSCs were isolated and cultured by tissue block culture, and the cells surface antigens were identified by flow cytometry, hUC-MSCs were cultured with chondrogenic media and stained with Alcian Blue. The production of matrix was estimated from the determination of hydroxyproline content and Alcian Blue method. Expressions of glycosaminoglycan (GAG), type II collagen and Sox-9 were assayed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results: The cultured hUC-MSCs phenotype was CD105+/CD29+/CD44+/ CD31-/CD34-/ CD40-/CD45-/HLA-DR-. hUC-MSCs weakly expressed chondrocyte marker, which strongly expressed GAG and type II collagen after chondrogenic induction, and the cells were incubated in pellet culture with higher expression. Real-time PCR results demonstrated that chondrogenic induction cells were expressed GAG, type II collagen and Sox-9, and the cells were incubated in pellet culture with higher expression. Conclusion: hUC-MSCs incubated in pellet culture is more conducive to differentiate into chondrocytes than those cultured in monolayer culture system.

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