Determination of sodium with ion-selective electrodes.

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 1435-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
G B Levy
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Ion Selective Electrode ◽  
Flame Photometry ◽  
Ion Selective Electrodes ◽  
Selective Electrode ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Direct Potentiometry

Abstract The advent of ion-selective electrodes made possible the potentiometry of sodium in serum and plasma. These methods were based on dilution of serum, as done in flame photometry, and the results were identical. Analysis of whole blood precludes dilution and so "direct" potentiometry was developed. Results by this technique are variable but tend to compensate for the spurious hyponatremias found by the "indirect" dilution methods due to displacement of volume by lipids and protein. However, there is no unambiguous theoretical basis on which to choose between the various direct ion-selective-electrode techniques and instruments. As an alternative, I propose use of current indirect methods, with numerical correction for the shift in normal sodium values in the presence of abnormal lipid and (or) protein. A table was constructed for making such corrections.

Determination of inorganic fluoride in blood with a fluoride ion-selective electrode.

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Kissa
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Ion Selective Electrode ◽  
Fluoride Ion ◽  
Inorganic Fluoride ◽  
Selective Electrode ◽  
Cell Potential ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Fluoride Ion Selective Electrode

Abstract Inorganic fluoride in whole blood, serum, or plasma has been determined with a fluoride ion-selective electrode by adding the 0.5- to 2.0-mL sample to 20 mL of water containing a buffer and fluoride, 25 micrograms/L. The fluoride concentration in the sample is calculated from the resulting cell potential difference recorded after equilibrating for 10 min. This novel method has the advantages of simplicity, accuracy, and high precision, standard deviations for 5 to 7 replicate determinations of fluoride ranging from +/- 1.7 to +/- 2.4 micrograms/L. For whole blood from donors living in an area with fluorinated drinking water, the F- concentration was 20 to 60 micrograms/L.

scholarly journals Preparation, Characterization, and Analytical Application of Ramipril Membrane-Based Ion-Selective Electrode

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Arida ◽  
Mona Ahmed ◽  
Abdallah Ali
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Pvc Membrane ◽  
Ion Selective Electrodes ◽  
Selective Electrode ◽  
Response Sensitivity ◽  
Direct Potentiometry ◽  
Plasticized Pvc ◽  
Electrochemical Evaluation

The fabrication and electrochemical evaluation of two PVC membrane-based Ion-Selective electrodes responsive for ramipril drug have been proposed. The sensitive membranes were prepared using ramipril-phosphomolibdate and ramipril-tetraphenylborate ion-pair complexes as electroactive sensing materials in plasticized PVC support. The electrodes based on these materials provide near-Nernestian response (sensitivity of53±0.5–54±0.5 mV/concentration decade) covering the concentration range of1.0×10-2–1.0×10-5 molL−1with a detection limit of3.0×10-6–4.0×10-6 molL−1. The suggested electrodes have been successfully used in the determination of ramipril drug in some pharmaceutical formulations using direct potentiometry with average recovery of >96% and mean standard deviation of <3% (n=5).

scholarly journals Characterization and Applications of Silver Sulphide Based Membrane Electrodes

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Rajbhandari ◽  
AP Yadav ◽  
K Manandhar ◽  
RR Pradhananga
Keyword(s):  
Silver Chloride ◽  
Silver Halide ◽  
Ion Selective Electrode ◽  
Ion Selective Electrodes ◽  
Powder Materials ◽  
Membrane Electrodes ◽  
Selective Electrode ◽  
Sulphide Ions ◽  
Silver Sulphide

The polycrystalline materials obtained by co-precipitation of silver sulphide and appropriate silver halide are used to prepare silver sulphide based membrane electrodes selective to the silver, chloride, bromide, iodide, and sulphide ions. The powder materials are characterized by x-ray diffraction, SEM equipped with EDAX. These membrane electrodes are found to give Nernstian response with the appropriate ions in the concentration range from 1x10-1 to 1x10-5 M. The performance of these home made electrodes is at par with the commercial electrodes. The electrodes have been successfully used for the quantitative determination of chloride, bromide iodide, silver, and sulphide ions and also for the determination of thiamine in pharmaceutical preparations. For developing countries like Nepal, who can not afford to procure high cost commercial ion selective electrodes, these home made ion selective electrodes are especially appealing since the electrode can be fabricated with ease in low cost and the electrode is well behaved and sufficiently accurate for the analysis with ion selective electrodes. Key words: Ion selective electrode; Home made ion selective electrode; Silver sulphide; Thiamine; Vitamin B1. DOI: 10.3126/sw.v7i7.3818 Scientific World Vol.7(7) 2009 pp.19-23  

Fabrication and Applications of Silver Sulphide Based Ion Sensors

2010 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Raja Ram Pradhananga ◽  
A. Nyachhyon ◽  
A.P. Yadav ◽  
Lok Kumar Shrestha ◽  
S. Tandukar
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Ion Selective Electrode ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Ion Selective Electrodes ◽  
Selective Electrode ◽  
Ion Sensors ◽  
Silver Sulphide

An electrochemical sensor based on the silver sulphide precipitate was fabricated in the laboratory and characterized by x-ray diffraction, SEM equipped with EDAX, and electrochemical techniques. Ion selective electrode (ISE) was found to be sensitive enough to sense the sulphide ion concentration from 10-1 to 10-5 M in alkaline medium. The change in electrode potential per decade change in sulphide ion concentration was found to be 31.5 mV at laboratory temperature indicating adherence of the ion selective electrode to Nernst’s equation. The sensor have been successfully used for the quantitative determination of thiamine in pharmaceutical preparations, hydrogen sulphide in cigarette smoke and determination of solubility products of sparingly soluble silver salts. A trace amount of hydrogen sulphide, a toxic gas, is present in the cigarette smoke. The quantitative estimation of hydrogen sulphide in cigarette smoke is a challenging task to analytical chemist. Hydrogen sulphide in cigarette smoke had been determined by absorbing the cigarette smoke in 0.1 M sodium hydroxide and the resulting solution was analyzed using silver sulphide based ion sensor by standard addition technique using modified Gran plot. The average amounts of hydrogen sulphide produced by a stick of cigarette in 8 different brands of Nepalese cigarette ware found to range from 0.0332 mg to 0.0766 mg. The sensitivity and reliability of these home made ion sensors were excellent and in par with commercial electrodes. For developing countries like Nepal, who can not afford to procure high cost commercial ion selective electrodes, these home made ion sensors are especially appealing since the sensor can be fabricated with ease from the materials that are readily available in the chemistry laboratory and the sensor is quite sensitive and gives reproducible results which are sufficiently accurate for the analysis with ion selective electrodes.

Electrochemical determination of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and hemolysis.

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
R K Kobos ◽  
S D Abbott ◽  
H W Levin ◽  
H Kilkson ◽  
D R Peterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Oxygen Electrode ◽  
Electrochemical Determination ◽  
Ion Selective Electrode ◽  
Fluoride Ion ◽  
Selective Electrode ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ion Production ◽  
Method R

Abstract Novel electrochemical methods have been developed for determination of total hemoglobin, hematocrit, and detection of hemolysis in whole blood. Hemoglobin is measured through its peroxidase activity, a fluoride ion-selective electrode being used to monitor the rate of fluoride ion production from the oxidation of an organofluorine compound. Results agree well with those obtained with the cyanmethemoglobin method (r = 0.970). Hematocrit is determined from the ratio of the sodium ion concentrations measured with an ion-selective electrode before and after lysis of the erythrocytes. Results by this and the microhematocrit method correlated well (r = 0.987). Hemolysis in a whole-blood sample is detected by using an oxygen electrode to measure the oxygen released when hemoglobin in plasma is oxidized.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document