scholarly journals The Memory System of the Brain

1967 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-187
Keyword(s):  
Memory System ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Re-membering the body: applications of computational neuroscience to the top-down control of regeneration of limbs and other complex organs

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1487-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Pezzulo ◽  
M. Levin
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Computational Neuroscience ◽  
Memory System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Signaling Networks ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Top Down ◽  
The Brain

How do regenerating bodies know when to stop remodeling? Bioelectric signaling networks guide pattern formation and may implement a somatic memory system. Deep parallels may exist between information processing in the brain and morphogenetic control mechanisms.

scholarly journals Organic Amnesia: A Diversity in Deficits

Eureka ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Christopher R Madan
Keyword(s):  
Brain Region ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Memory System ◽  
Neurological Function ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Limited Memory ◽  
The Brain

Organic amnesia is the loss of memory due to biological factors such as brain disorders, tumors, strokes, degenerative diseases, or any other of a multitude of other disruptions of neurological function. Memories are stored throughout the brain, and as a result damage to any localized brain region only causes limited memory deficits. Even in itself, organic amnesia can present in a variety of impairments across numerous memory systems within the brain. Several kinds of amnesia will be reviewed, including details of the corresponding deficits and suggestions of the likely affected memory system.

Neuronal Excitability in Memory Allocation: Mechanisms and Consequences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander D. Jacob ◽  
Andrew J. Mocle ◽  
Paul W. Frankland ◽  
Sheena A. Josselyn
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Excitability ◽  
Memory System ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Memory Allocation ◽  
System Function ◽  
Selection Mechanism ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Memory Circuit ◽  
Allocation Process ◽  
The Brain

Throughout the brain, sparse ensembles of neurons, termed “engrams,” are responsible for representing events. Engrams are composed of neurons active at the time of an event, and recent research has revealed how these active neurons compete to gain inclusion into a subsequently formed engram. This competitive selection mechanism, called “memory allocation,” is the process by which individual neurons become components of the engram. Memory allocation is crucially influenced by neuronal excitability, with more highly excitable neurons outcompeting their neighbors for inclusion into the engram. The dynamics of this excitability-dependent memory allocation process have important consequences for the function of the memory circuit, including effects on memory generalization and linking of events experienced closely in time. Memory allocation arises from cellular mechanisms of excitability, governs circuit-level dynamics of the engram, and has higher-order consequences for memory system function.

Absolute Pitch and the P300 Component of the Event-Related Potential: An Exploration of Variables That May Account for Individual Differences

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Bischoff Renninger ◽  
Roni I. Granot ◽  
Emanuel Donchin
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Absolute Pitch ◽  
Memory System ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Auditory Task ◽  
Relative Pitch ◽  
P300 Component ◽  
Auditory Tasks ◽  
The Brain

Our primary goal has been to elucidate a model of pitch memory by examining the brain activity of musicians with and without absolute pitch during listening tasks. Subjects, screened for both absolute and relative pitch abilities, were presented with two auditory tasks and one visual task that served as a control. In the first auditory task (pitch memory task), subjects were asked to differentiate between diatonic and nondiatonic tones within a tonal framework. In the second auditory task (contour task), subjects were presented with the same pitch sequences but instead asked to differentiate between tones moving upward or downward. For the visual control task, subjects were presented again with the same pitch sequences and asked to determine whether each pitch was diatonic or nondiatonic, only this time the note names appeared visually on the computer screen. Our findings strongly suggest that there are various levels of absolute pitch ability. Some absolute pitch subjects have, in addition to this skill, strong relative pitch abilities, and these differences are reflected quite consistently by the behavior of the P300 component of the event-related potential. Our research also strengthens the idea that the memory system for pitch and interval distances is distinct from the memory system for contour (W. J. Dowling, 1978). Our results are discussed within the context of the current absolute pitch literature.

The distributed tactile memory system of Octopus

1983 ◽  
Vol 218 (1211) ◽  
pp. 135-176 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Tract ◽  
Memory System ◽  
Feature Detector ◽  
Control Response ◽  
Residual Capacity ◽  
Specific Increase ◽  
Total Capacity ◽  
Smooth Objects ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Tactile Memory

The capacity of an octopus to learn to react differently to rough and smooth objects is dispersed in the nervous system in two senses. (i) There are units in various parts of the brain capable of some change with experience. (ii) On the other hand the main tactile memory system is a complex of parts each with a distinct function. The response of drawing in a particular unfamiliar object rapidly habituates unless re-inforced by feeding. Learning consists in specific increase in the probability of taking objects rewarded by food or decrease for those that are unrewarded or are painful. Octopuses are capable of a fine degree of discrimination of degrees of roughness, mediated by feature detector cells lying probably mainly in the median inferior frontal lobe. The output of this lobe passes to the subfrontal lobe, and this inferior frontal system is responsible for 60% of the capacity for learnt discrimination. It is here that signals of taste or pain determine changes in the tendency to accept or reject an object touched. It is postulated that each feature detector and its microneurons constitutes a unit of memory or mnemon and that the accuracy of the discrimination is determined by the number of mnemons that have been appropriately altered by learning. Removal of some of the units in the subfrontal lobes leads to a corresponding reduction in accuracy of learnt discrimination. The superior frontal and vertical lobes provide further units, whose perations increase the reliability of learnt behaviour, being responsible for at least 25% of the total capacity for discrimination. In the absence of both the inferior frontal and vertical lobe systems there remains a capacity for discrimination with about 15% of the normal accuracy. Some residual capacity remains in suboesophageal regions even after the inferior frontal, vertical and subvertical lobes have been removed and the optic tract severed. All the parts that are concerned in learnt tactile discrimination contain numerous small short axon cells, which are probably the agents that give the mnemon units their capacity to change the probability of response to specific features of the input. The outputs from the various channels lead through a cascaded arrangement to the motoneurons that control response.

The memory system of the brain

1967 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 401
Author(s):  
W.Ritchie Russell
Keyword(s):  
Memory System ◽  
The Brain
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