scholarly journals Habitat Characteristics and Nest Success of Snowy Plovers Associated with California Least Tern Colonies

The Condor ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 785-792
Author(s):  
Abby N. Powell

AbstractNest success of Snowy Plovers (Charadrius alexandrinus) was estimated at six sites in San Diego County, California, to determine the effects of habitat characteristics and social factors on predation risk. Egg predation was expected to be lower for plovers nesting among Least Terns (Sterna antillarum) because of benefits associated with nesting under the “protective umbrella” of a colonial species. Snowy Plovers nested adjacent to objects and in areas with more vegetation cover than random sites in beach and fill habitats and in areas with more debris cover in beach and salt pan habitats. Estimated nest success from 1994–1997 was 50%, and most predation was attributed to corvids, primarily Common Ravens (Corvus corax). Social factors, including distance to nearest Least Tern and Snowy Plover nests, predicted nest success whereas habitat characteristics did not. Nest success was greatest for plovers nesting closest to an active tern nest and nesting at intermediate distances to conspecifics. Nest success also varied among years and sites, with two sites consistently less successful over the four years. Nests within tern colonies received some mitigation of egg predation. Plover nests initiated prior to the arrival of Least Terns were less likely to hatch eggs than later nests; nevertheless, Snowy Plovers in southern California initiated nesting well before Least Terns.Características del Hábitat y Éxito de la Nidada de Charadrius alexandrinus Asociados a Colonias de Sterna antillarumResumen. Para determinar los efectos de las características del hábitat y factores sociales sobre el riesgo de depredación, estimé el éxito de las nidadas de Charadrius alexandrinus en seis sitios del Condado de San Diego, California. Se esperaba que la depredación de huevos fuera menor para los C. alexandrinus que anidan junto a Sterna antillarum debido a los beneficios de anidar bajo un “paraguas protector” de una especie colonial. En playas y hábitats rellenados, C. alexandrinus anidó con mayor frecuencia en lugares adyacentes a objetos y en áreas con mayor cobertura de vegetación que en sitios aleatorios y en áreas con mayor cobertura de desechos vegetales en playas y salinas. El éxito estimado de las nidadas entre 1994–1997 fue de 50%, y la mayor tasa de depredación fue atribuida a córvidos, principalmente a la especie Corvus corax. Factores sociales como distancia al nido más cercano de S. antillarum y C. alexandrinus predijeron el éxito de la nidada, mientras que las características del hábitat no lo hicieron. El éxito de la nidada fue mayor para los individuos de C. alexandrinus que nidificaron más cerca de un nido activo de S. antillarum y que nidificaron a distancias intermedias de conespecíficos. El éxito de la nidada también varió entre años y sitios. Dos sitios presentaron consistentemente un menor éxito durante los cuatro años de estudio. Los nidos ubicados dentro de la colonia presentaron una leve disminución en la depredación de huevos. Los huevos de nidos de C. alexandrinus iniciados antes de la llegada de S. antillarum tuvieron una menor probabilidad de eclosión que huevos de nidos más tardíos. Sin embargo, C. alexandrinus comenzó a nidificar bastante antes que S. antillarum en California del Sur.

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Burger ◽  
Michael Gochfeld ◽  
Larry J. Niles

People of diverse cultures appreciate and observe wildlife. With the increase in the importance of economic, social, and aesthetic, values of wildlife comes the responsibility for wise management and use of these resources to ensure biodiversity and the continued wellbeing of the populations. We describe several ways in which ecotourists affect the behaviour, reproductive success, and population levels, of breeding and migratory birds in New Jersey — a heavily industrialized, coastal US state with a dense human population. We use several case-studies to illustrate the effects of ecotourists on birds: heronries, breeding Least Terns (Sterna antillarum), foraging Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus) during the breeding season, migrant shorebirds and gulls at Caven Point and Delaware Bay, and migrant hawks at Cape May.


The Condor ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Dinsmore ◽  
David J. Lauten ◽  
Kathleen A. Castelein ◽  
Eleanor P. Gaines ◽  
Mark A. Stern

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 1424-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle L. Robinson ◽  
Gary L. Mills ◽  
Angela H. Lindell ◽  
Sara H. Schweitzer ◽  
Sonia M. Hernandez

We demonstrate the previously undocumented transport of a rare PCB mixture (Aroclor 1268) from a Superfund site in Georgia, and compare mercury loads among sample types, using least tern samples.


The Condor ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail J Darrah

Abstract Disturbance from human activity can cause reduced productivity of coastal birds that nest on sandy beaches. A common method to protect coastal birds from human disturbance is the use of signs and fencing to close off a section of beach used for breeding. This management action requires public compliance and might require enforcement, such as in the use of volunteer stewards stationed at protected colonies that provide education and enforcement. I assessed the effectiveness of active stewardship as a conservation measure to protect nesting Least Terns (Sternula antillarum) in coastal Mississippi by determining if colony-level productivity (fledglings produced per nest) was correlated with stewardship effort (hours that stewards protected each colony), the rate of disturbance from human and natural sources, and additional factors. Observers surveyed 24 Least Tern colonies in Harrison County, Mississippi, twice weekly during the 2017–2019 breeding seasons to record the number of nests present, the fate of marked nests, predator tracks within the colony, and the number of fledglings produced per colony. Concurrently, during their work shifts, stewards recorded all sources and durations of disturbance events that caused the terns to flush or respond with defense. Least Tern daily nest survival increased with colony size and stewardship effort, and was lower during intervals that included weekends and evidence of owl presence. Total productivity was negatively associated with avian predator disturbance rate and the total time adults spent flushed, but was not associated with stewardship effort. The results of this study demonstrate that active stewardship can have a positive effect on Least Tern productivity by increasing nest success, whereas current stewardship practices were not sufficient to increase chick survival, even in a system with a paucity of ground predators.


2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick J. Baxter ◽  
Jerran T. Flinders ◽  
David G. Whiting ◽  
Dean L. Mitchell

Translocations have been used for decades to restore or augment wildlife populations, yet more often than not, little to no data and/or arbitrary means are used for determining translocation success. The objectives of our study were to describe nesting habitat utilised by the greater sage grouse translocated into an extant population and to identify factors related to nest success, thereby demonstrating the adaptability of the birds to their new environment and producing one measure of long-term translocation success. We trapped female grouse individuals during the spring on and near leks of source populations, fitted them with radio-transmitters, and released them in the morning onto an active lek in an extant population in Strawberry Valley, Utah. We monitored translocated females for nesting activity and documented nesting attempts, nest success, clutch size and embryo viability. Data were recorded on habitat variables associated with nest sites and paired-random sites, including factors known to be important for resident females that nested successfully. We used logistic regression and an a priori information-theoretic approach for modelling nest v. paired-random sites and successful v. unsuccessful nest sites. Our analyses suggested that crown area of the nest shrub and percentage grass cover were the two variables that discriminated between nest and paired-random sites. Females that nested successfully selected sites with more total shrub canopy cover, intermediate size-shrub crown area, aspects other than NW and SE, and steeper slopes than for unsuccessful nests. After being translocated from distant sites with differing habitat characteristics, these birds were able to initiate a nest, nest successfully, and select micro-habitat features similar to those selected by resident sage grouse across the species range. Our results demonstrate the adaptability of the translocated female sage grouse individuals and produce one tangible measure of long-term translocation success.


2002 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abby N. Powell ◽  
Christine L. Fritz ◽  
Bonnie L. Peterson ◽  
Jill M. Terp

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document