scholarly journals Patterns of Sex Ratio Variation in House Sparrows

The Condor ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 598-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Westneat ◽  
Ian R. K. Stewart ◽  
Emily Halpin Woeste ◽  
Johnny Gipson ◽  
Latifat Abdulkadir ◽  
...  

Abstract PCR amplification of a sex-linked gene was used to assay the sex ratio of nestling House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) from five consecutive breeding seasons. We tested several predictions from sex ratio theory, including that at the population level, sparrows should produce a 1:1 sex ratio. Of 1162 nestlings, 53% were male, which is not significantly different from 50%. We did find a significant skew toward males in two of the five years, and significant heterogeneity in sex ratio among seasons. There was no evidence that brood sex ratios were skewed from a binomial distribution, despite a modest excess of all male broods. We found that male nestlings weighed significantly more (0.5 g) than their female siblings. We tested the possibility that females produce males when conditions are good. Sex ratio was not associated with nest attempt, despite some evidence that conditions varied seasonally. Clutch size was negatively associated with date of first egg, but neither nestling weight nor sex ratio showed any correlation with date. We also tested an array of female characteristics; sex ratio was not associated with female body size, condition, or age. Females that hatched a larger proportion of eggs produced more males, a consistent pattern in all five seasons. However, the female's mate's characteristics (size, condition, age, or size of throat patch) did not influence sex ratio. These data contribute to a growing number of studies that provide an inconsistent picture of sex ratio variation in birds. Patrones de Variación en la Proporción de Sexos de Passer domesticus Resumen. Un gen ligado al sexo, amplificado por PCR, fue usado para examinar la proporción de sexos de pichones de Passer domesticus provenientes de cinco temporadas de apareamiento consecutivas. Se probaron varias predicciones de la teoría de proporción de sexos, incluyendo que a nivel poblacional, los gorriones deberían producir una proporción de sexos 1:1. De 1162 pichones, 53% fueron machos, lo cual no difiere significativamente de 50%. Se encontró un sesgo significativo hacia machos en dos de los cinco años y una heterogeneidad significativa en la proporción de sexos entre estaciones. No hubo evidencia de que la proporción de sexos de la camada se desviara de una distribución binomial, a pesar de un moderado exceso de crías macho. Se encontró que los pichones machos pesaron significativamente más (0.5 g) que sus hermanas. Se examinó la posibilidad de que las hembras producen machos cuando las condiciones son benignas. La proporción de sexos no estuvo asociado con el momento de anidación dentro de la temporada, a pesar de que algunas evidencias sugieren que las condiciones variaron estacionalmente. El tamaño de la camada estuvo negativamente asociado con la fecha de puesta del primer huevo, pero ni el peso del pichón ni la proporción de sexos mostró correlación con dicha fecha. Se examinaron además un serie de características de la hembra; la proporción de sexos no estuvo asociada con el tamaño del cuerpo, la condición o la edad de la hembra. Las hembras que empollaron una mayor cantidad de huevos produjeron más machos, un patrón consistente en las cinco temporadas. Las características de las parejas de las hembras (tamaño, condición o tamaño de la mancha del cuello) no influyeron la proporción de sexos. Estos datos contribuyen al creciente número de estudios que presentan una descripción contradictoria de la variación de la proporción de sexos en aves.

The Condor ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 598 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Westneat ◽  
Ian R. K. Stewart ◽  
Emily Halpin Woeste ◽  
Johnny Gipson ◽  
Latifat Abdulkadir ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 1016-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakima Boujja-Miljour ◽  
Patrick A. Leighton ◽  
Guy Beauchamp

Individual vigilance against threats typically decreases with group size. However, group size often explains a small amount of variation in vigilance, suggesting that other factors such as individual differences might contribute. For instance, individuals could maintain different vigilance levels overall and also respond differently to variation in group size. We investigated individual variation in vigilance and its patterns of plasticity in flocks of House Sparrows (Passer domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758)). We carried out observations at one provisioned site and used multiple observations of the same individuals (n = 14) in flocks of different sizes over two consecutive months. The typical decline in vigilance with flock size occurred at the population level. Controlling for food density, flock size, time of year, and sex, we documented consistent individual differences in various measurements of vigilance. Plasticity of vigilance adjustments to variation in flock size occurred for the frequency of high vigilance postures. Male House Sparrows with larger bibs, which signal higher dominance status, tended to spend less time vigilant and obtained food at a higher rate, supporting a state-dependent explanation for the origin of individual vigilance profiles. Individual differences can contribute to explaining the large scatter in the relationship between vigilance and group size in many species.


2006 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 1128-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARILD HUSBY ◽  
BERNT-ERIK SAETHER ◽  
HENRIK JENSEN ◽  
THOR HARALD RINGSBY

The Auk ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 561-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Kasumovic ◽  
H. Lisle Gibbs ◽  
Bonnie E. Woolfenden ◽  
Spencer G. Sealy ◽  
Hiroshi Nakamura

Abstract We examined primary sex-ratios of two brood parasitic species, Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) and the Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus), to determine whether there was any evidence of primary sex-ratio manipulation as has been demonstrated in other species of birds. Despite good reasons for why female brood parasites should manipulate the primary sex-ratio of their young, we found a lack of evidence for a bias in the sex-ratio of eggs produced at the population level, with respect to the host species parasitized or time of breeding season, or in terms of the sex ratio of eggs produced by individual females. Thus, this study provides another example in birds of little evidence for sex-ratio variation in relation to environmental factors.


2007 ◽  
Vol 274 (1619) ◽  
pp. 1763-1771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrun Skjelseth ◽  
Thor Harald Ringsby ◽  
Jarle Tufto ◽  
Henrik Jensen ◽  
Bernt-Erik Sæther

An important issue concerning the introduction of non-indigenous organisms into local populations is the potential of the introduced individuals to spread and interfere both demographically and genetically with the local population. Accordingly, the potential of spatial dispersal among introduced individuals compared with local individuals is a key parameter to understand the spatial and temporal dynamics of populations after an introduction event. In addition, if the variance in dispersal rate and distance is linked to individual characteristics, this may further affect the population dynamics. We conducted a large-scale experiment where we introduced 123 house sparrows from a distant population into 18 local populations without changing population density or sex ratio. Introduced individuals dispersed more frequently and over longer distances than residents. Furthermore, females had higher probability of dispersal than males. In females, there was also a positive relationship between the wing length and the probability of dispersal and dispersal distance. These results suggest that the distribution and frequency of introduced individuals may be predicted by their sex ratio as well as their phenotypic characteristics.


2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1733) ◽  
pp. 1560-1566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Koren ◽  
Shinichi Nakagawa ◽  
Terry Burke ◽  
Kiran K. Soma ◽  
Katherine E. Wynne-Edwards ◽  
...  

Potential mechanistic mediators of Darwinian fitness, such as stress hormones or sex hormones, have been the focus of many studies. An inverse relationship between fitness and stress or sex hormone concentrations has been widely assumed, although empirical evidence is scarce. Feathers gradually accumulate hormones during their growth and provide a novel way to measure hormone concentrations integrated over time. Using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, we measured testosterone, corticosterone and cortisol in the feathers of house sparrows ( Passer domesticus ) in a wild population which is the subject of a long-term study. Although corticosterone is considered the dominant avian glucocorticoid, we unambiguously identified cortisol in feathers. In addition, we found that feathers grown during the post-nuptial moult in autumn contained testosterone, corticosterone and cortisol levels that were significantly higher in birds that subsequently died over the following winter than in birds that survived. Thus, feather steroids are candidate prospective biomarkers to predict the future survival of individuals in the wild.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document