Olfactory Responses of Lesser Cornstalk Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Larvae to Peanut Plant Parts

Abstract Physiological processes of plants are affected by temperature and temperature variation of individual plant parts has been demonstrated to affect such physiological interactions as source-sink relationships. Determination of plant part temperatures in relation to the surrounding environment, especially during stress, may provide significant information relative to how plants respond to various stress environments. To determine peanut plant part temperatures in various environments, rainfall control research plots equipped either with heating cables or cooling coils were utilized to grow Florunner peanuts and implement treatments of various soil temperatures under water stress and irrigated conditions. Peanut stem and pod temperatures were monitored automatically at 2-hr intervals with attached and implanted thermocouples. Canopy temperatures, determined by infrared thermometry, were related to water stress but were apparently unrelated to varying soil tempertures. Late-season, afternoon (1:00 p.m.) canopy temperature in the irrigated treatment averaged 28.5 C and mean canopy temperatures in all water stressed treatments were 35±1 C. Late-season plant stem temperature/soil temperature means in irrigated, water stressed-heated soil, water stressed, and water stressed-cooled soil treaments were 21.6 C/21.6 C, 25.2 C/30.2 C, 25.0 C/ 25.C, and 23.3 C/ 20.6 C, respectively. Peanut pod temperatures ranged higher and lower than soil temperature in each plot and maximum pod temperatures often occurred earlier than maximum soil temperature. Concurrent pod, stem, and air maximum and minimum temperatures suggest the strong influence of aerial plant-part temperatures on temperatures of the subterranean fruit. The results of this study show the effect of moisture and temperature stress on peanut plant part temperatures and demonstrate the relationships which result from the unique subterranean fruiting habit.

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Below-ground plant parts emit herbivore-induced volatiles: olfactory responses of a predatory mite to tulip bulbs infested by rust mites

Experimental and Applied Acarology ◽

10.1023/b:appa.0000030011.66371.3f ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 33 (1/2) ◽

pp. 21-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

N.S. Aratchige ◽

I. Lesna ◽

M.W. Sabelis

Keyword(s):

Predatory Mite ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Olfactory Responses ◽

Induced Volatiles ◽

Below Ground ◽

Tulip Bulbs ◽

Herbivore Induced Volatiles

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Effects of Leaf Position and Plant Age on Photosynthesis and Translocation in Peanut I. Apparent Photosynthesis and 14C Translocation1

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/i0095-3679-6-1-9 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 46-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

R. J. Henning ◽

R. H. Brown ◽

D. A. Ashley

Keyword(s):

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

Lateral Branch ◽

Plant Age ◽

Leaf Position ◽

Peanut Plant ◽

Average Decrease ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Arachis Hypogaea L ◽

Synthetic Capacity

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine the contribution of leaves at different stem positions to photosynthesis of peanut plants, and the change in this contribution with plant age. Apparent photosynthesis (AP) and translocation of assimilated 14C were determined on leaves 3, 5, and 8 from the tip of a cotyledonary lateral branch of the “Florunner” cultivar of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) at 80, 110 and 140 days after planting. To determine 14C-photo-synthate translocation individual leaves were exposed for 15 min to 14CO2 and plants harvested 24 hr later were analyzed for 14C. Translocation was computed as the percentage of total 14C in the plant which was in plant parts other than the labeled leaf. Highest AP was observed for leaf 3, the youngest fully expanded leaf on the branch, and the lowest AP for leaf 8. Leaf 5 exhibited intermediate AP rates. AP decreased with plant age, the average decrease in two experiments being 21 and 58% from 80 to 110 and 140 days, respectively. The decline in AP with plant age was similar in both experiments. The percentage of 14C translocated from labeled leaves for the two experiments averaged 64% and was not significantly affected by plant age. A significantly greater percentage (76%) of the 14C fixed was translocated from leaf 3 in Experiment II than from leaves 5 and 8 which averaged 55%. Leaf position had no effect on 14C translocation in Experiment I. These data indicate that leaves near the periphery of the peanut plant contribute most during pod filling and that the photo-synthetic capacity of all leaves decreases during this period.

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