Below-ground plant parts emit herbivore-induced volatiles: olfactory responses of a predatory mite to tulip bulbs infested by rust mites

2004 ◽  
Vol 33 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.S. Aratchige ◽  
I. Lesna ◽  
M.W. Sabelis
Keyword(s):  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Olfactory Responses ◽  
Induced Volatiles ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Tulip Bulbs ◽  
Herbivore Induced Volatiles

The impact of biomass harvesting on phosphorus uptake by wetland plants

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
S-Y. Kim ◽  
P.M. Geary
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Biomass Harvesting ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total P ◽  
Better Than ◽  
P Removal

Two species of macrophytes, Baumea articulata and Schoenoplectus mucronatus, were examined for their capacity to remove phosphorus under nutrient-rich conditions. Forty large bucket systems with the two different species growing in two types of substrate received artificial wastewaters for nine months, simulating a constructed wetland (CW) under high loading conditions. Half of the plants growing in the topsoil and gravel substrates were periodically harvested whereas the other half remained intact. Plant tissue and substrate samples were regularly analysed to determine their phosphorus concentrations. With respect to phosphorus uptake and removal, the Schoenoplectus in the topsoil medium performed better than the Baumea. Biomass harvesting enhanced P uptake in the Schoenoplectus, however the effect was not significant enough to make an improvement on the overall P removal, due to the slow recovery of plants and regrowth of biomass after harvesting. From P partitioning, it was found that the topsoil medium was the major P pool, storing most of total P present in the system. Plant parts contributed only minor storage with approximately half of that P stored below ground in the plant roots. The overall net effect of harvesting plant biomass was to only remove less than 5% of total phosphorus present in the system.

scholarly journals Involvement of Jasmonate- and Salicylate-Related Signaling Pathways for the Production of Specific Herbivore-Induced Volatiles in Plants

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ozawa ◽  
G.-i. Arimura ◽  
J. Takabayashi ◽  
T. Shimoda ◽  
T. Nishioka
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Induced Volatiles ◽  
Herbivore Induced Volatiles

scholarly journals Trichoderma polysporum as possible weak pathogen of tulip bulbs and roots

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 305-307
Author(s):  
A. Piwoni
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
Tulip Bulbs

In the spring 2000, on tulip plantations in south-eastern Poland, spots of died-off plants were observed. The inhibited growth, wilting of leaves and yellowish necrosis on roots and scales surface occurred especially in low-lying areas. Mycological analysis indicated the presence of Trichoderma polysporum (Link ex Pers.) Rifai on the bulbs and roots of all tested plant samples. Pathogenicity test of 7 T. polysporum isolates was carried out on forced tulips cv. Merry Christmas in flower pots. After flowering, brownish necrosis (covering 5–30% of the surface) on the bulbs and roots were observed, as well as white-yellowish mycelium heaps of T. polysporum. Typical Trichoderma symptoms on above-ground plant parts like light-gray leaves tips were not observed.

Carbon resource sharing and rhizome expansion of Phalaris aquatica plants in grazed pastures

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan R. Cullen ◽  
David F. Chapman ◽  
Paul E. Quigley
Keyword(s):  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
Phalaris Aquatica ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Grazed Pastures ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Western Victoria

The patterns of carbon (C) resource sharing and new rhizome development in phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L. cv. Australian) were examined in grazed pastures in western Victoria. The seasonal pattern of new rhizome growth was similar under the four grazing systems tested. New rhizome production was infrequent but concentrated in winter. The phalaris plants maintained more than 1600 kg DW ha–1 of non-assimilating material beneath the soil surface (0–5 cm). Gaseous 14C was fed into plants in the field to determine if these below ground structures continued to be supported by the C assimilating tillers. The results indicated that the primary tiller does provide C to support the growth of secondary and tertiary tillers derived from its axillary buds. There was some evidence that C was exported from the fed tiller to non-assimilating plant structures. The old reproductive tiller bases (from which the assimilating tillers originate) received some C support, suggesting that this was maintained because it had deep roots attached. C export to older plant parts declined, which may lead to plant fragmentation.

Estimating above- and below-ground macrophyte production in Scirpus tidal marshes

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Giroux ◽  
Jean Bédard
Keyword(s):  
Standing Crop ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Tidal Marshes ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Lawrence Estuary ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Peak Standing Crop ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
The Difference ◽  
St Lawrence Estuary

Different methods to estimate primary production of Scirpus marshes of the St. Lawrence estuary were compared. Quadrats 25 × 25 cm and cores 10 cm in diameter were found to be the optimal size to sample above- and below-ground standing crops, respectively. Ash content for different plant parts of various species was measured to obtain more accurate estimates of organic matter. A series of allometric equations relating stem height and mass were developed to estimate aerial standing crop from permanent nondestructively sampled plots. This method, however, overestimated standing crop compared with the destructive (harvest) method. The relationship between the above- and below-ground standing crop was also determined for the dominant species and used to predict belowground biomass without destructive sampling. Finally, the Smalley method provided the best estimates of net annual above- and below-ground production when losses attributed to decomposition were not considered. For less intensive studies, however, the methods based on peak standing crop and on the difference between maximum and minimum biomass would yield good approximations of above- and below-ground production.

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