Soybean Host Plant Resistance to Megacopta cribraria (Hemiptera: Plataspidae) and the Potential Role of Leaf Trichome Density

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Lahiri ◽  
D D Reisig ◽  
F P F Reay-Jones ◽  
J K Greene ◽  
T E Carter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Trichome Density ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Megacopta cribraria (F.) (Hemiptera: Plataspidae) is an invasive pest of soybean that has spread across the southeastern United States since its initial discovery in 2009 in Georgia. Previous studies in the southeastern states have documented both the population dynamics of this pest and host plant resistance (HPR) among soybean varieties, although the specific mechanisms of HPR remain unknown. The objectives of this study were, therefore, to 1) quantify field resistance to M. cribraria in multiple soybean varieties in two states previously affected by severe M. cribraria infestations, North Carolina (NC) and South Carolina (SC); and 2) study the role of soybean trichome density in imparting resistance against M. cribraria. Soybean variety ‘Camp’ was least attractive to M. cribraria, through time and locations, suggesting consistent resistance. Other varieties showed variable performance among the locations and sampling dates. A significant difference in trichome density was evident. However, there was no correlation between trichome density and M. cribraria infestation. Compared to a previously published study in the same location, when M. cribraria adults emerging from overwintering dispersed into soybeans, in our study only first-generation adults dispersed into soybeans. Considering the current trend of significantly lower M. cribraria infestation rates in North and South Carolina, this pest may be finally succumbing to indigenous natural enemies and should be managed by incorporating integrated pest management tactics, such as HPR, that help conserve natural enemy populations.

​Screening of Pigeonpea Varieties through Nylon Bag No-choice Bioassay for Host Plant Resistance to Helicoverpa armigera

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.L. Jat ◽  
K.K. Dahiya ◽  
H.C. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Trichome Density ◽  
Larval Weight ◽  
Legume Pod Borer ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera

Background: The legume pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), is one of the most damaging crop pests, including pigeonpea. Host plant resistance is a component of pest management and therefore, we standardize a nylon bag No-Choice Bioassay technique to screen for resistance to H. armigera under field conditions. Methods: Pigeonpea plants were infested with 24 h old 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 larvae per plant inside the nylon bag. Observations were recorded on pod damage, larval survival, larval weight, pupation, adult emergence, and fecundity after 10 days. Result: Pigeonpea varieties AL-201, H03-41 and PAU-881 exhibited lower pod damage (15.89 to 19.77%) and larval weight (12.02 to 13.82 mg). The expression of resistance to H. armigera was associated with trichome density, pod wall thickness and higher amount of phenolic compounds and condensed tannins. Lower trichome density and thin pod walls and higher amounts of sugars rendered the varieties Paras, Manak and Pussa-992 more susceptible to H. armigera. Nylon bag assay can be used to screen and select pigeonpea cultivars for resistance to H. armigera.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Soybean Host-Plant Resistance Against Megacopta cribraria (Hemiptera: Plataspidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 876-885
Author(s):  
S Lahiri ◽  
D D Reisig ◽  
Lisa L Dean ◽  
F P F Reay-Jones ◽  
J K Greene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Hexadecenoic Acid ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Useful Knowledge ◽  
Plant Volatile ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Positive Correlations

Abstract A number of soybean varieties traditionally bred for resistance to various soybean arthropod pests have been identified as resistant to Megacopta cribraria (F.) (Hemiptera: Plataspidae). However, the mechanisms of host-plant resistance (HPR) in this system are not understood. The goal of this study was to identify the mechanisms of resistance by examining the role of plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and free amino acids (FAAs) among 16 soybean varieties. Choice and no-choice cage experiments identified several soybean varieties that demonstrated antixenosis as well as antibiosis. However, resistance varied over time in certain soybean varieties, such as N02-7002 and PI567352B. Mean nymph number from choice experiments had positive correlations with the FAAs asparagine, tryptophan, alanine, phenylanaline, and serine; negative correlation with leucine and threonine. Four plant volatiles, hexanal, 2-pentylfuran, beta-cyclocitral, and cis-9-hexadecenal, were positively correlated with subsequent nymph development, whereas n-hexadecenoic acid was negatively correlated with nymph number only, in adult choice cage experiments. This study contributes to understanding the mechanisms of HPR through associations with plant VOCs and FAAs in relation to M. cribraria development and provides useful knowledge for developing soybean varieties for M. cribraria management.

Role of Host-plant Resistance and Disease Development Stage on Leaf Photosynthetic Competence of Soybean Rust Infected Leaves

Crop Science ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 2533-2542 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kumudini ◽  
C. V. Godoy ◽  
B. Kennedy ◽  
E. Prior ◽  
J. Omielan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Soybean Rust ◽  
Disease Development

Pod Trichome Characterisation Using Foldscope, Morphological Characterization and Genetic Diversity Among Indigenous Collections of Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Satish ◽  
S. Muniswamy ◽  
G. Girish ◽  
Vikas Kulkarni ◽  
J.R. Diwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Trichome Density ◽  
Qualitative Traits ◽  
Stem Colour

Background: Association of several morphological traits such as trichome length and trichome density on the pod surface have been found to influence host plant resistance to insect pests. Genetic diversity analysis is used to identify the divergent genotypes and to utilize these genotypes to exploit heterosis. Further, morphological characters are stable across environments owing to oligogeneic nature, they serve as morphological markers in breeding which can be used in varietal or genotypic identification, varietal purification and even in seed production. Hence, the current study aimed to investigate on host plant resistance using portable paper microscope ‘foldscope’, genetic diversity and morphological characters.Methods: A total of 154 germplasm lines with three checks were evaluated in Augmented Block Design (ABD) at Zonal Agricultural Research Station (ZARS), Kalaburagi, during kharif, 2018 to study their genetic diversity. Trichome length and trichome density were recorded using ‘foldscope’ 75 randomly selected genotypes, then correlated with shrivelled seed yield per plot due to pod fly incidence. Morphological characterization of 14 qualitative traits were recorded.Result: Grouping of 157 germplasm lines into twelve clusters indicated a wider genetic diversity for the traits studied, of which 7 clusters were solitary with one entry each. The genotypes with more trichome density and length had less damage by the pod fly. Large variations for morphological characters was observed among the genotypes for qualitative traits such as pod colour, stem colour, flower colour, seed morphology and pod trichomes. 

Genetic Diversity and Differentiation among Laboratory and Field Populations of the Soybean Aphid, Aphis glycines

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 727-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.P. Michel ◽  
W. Zhang ◽  
M.A. Rouf Mian
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Soybean Aphid ◽  
Aphis Glycines ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Resistance Screening ◽  
Laboratory Populations

AbstractThe soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, is a recent invasive pest of soybean in North America. Currently, much research is focused on developing and characterizing soybean cultivars expressing host-plant resistance. During the initial phases of host-plant resistance screening, many of these studies use soybean aphid laboratory populations. Previous studies in other systems have documented substantial differences among laboratory and field populations. Whether or not this pattern exists in A. glycines is unknown, but it is extremely important when estimating the level of selection and virulence to host-plant resistant soybeans. In this study, we used seven microsatellite markers to estimate and compare genetic diversity and differentiation among five laboratory and 12 field populations. Our results indicate that soybean aphid laboratory populations are severely lacking in genotypic diversity and show extreme genetic differentiation among each other and to field populations. Continued use of laboratory populations for initial soybean aphid resistance screening could lead to erroneous estimations of the potential success for host-plant resistance.

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